{"id":11178,"date":"2022-05-28T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-28T19:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/2022\/haziran-2022\/yahudi-tarihcilerin-ataturk-nefretinin-nedeni\/"},"modified":"2023-10-18T02:35:28","modified_gmt":"2023-10-17T23:35:28","slug":"yahudi-tarihcilerin-ataturk-nefretinin-nedeni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/2022\/haziran-2022\/yahudi-tarihcilerin-ataturk-nefretinin-nedeni\/","title":{"rendered":"YAHUD\u0130 TAR\u0130H\u00c7\u0130LER\u0130N ATAT\u00dcRK NEFRET\u0130N\u0130N NEDENLER\u0130 VE ALLIANCE (ALYANS) OKULLARININ HIYANET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

YAHUD\u0130 TAR\u0130H\u00c7\u0130LER\u0130N ATAT\u00dcRK NEFRET\u0130N\u0130N NEDENLER\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0VE<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0ALLIANCE (ALYANS) OKULLARININ HIYANET\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0“\u0130lericilik, e\u015fitlik ve karde\u015flik”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> gibi yald\u0131zl\u0131 sloganlar\u0131n arkas\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131narak ve Avrupa’daki Siyonist Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n ajan\u0131 gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n i\u00e7ten y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran ve \u0130srail’in kurulu\u015funa zemin haz\u0131rlayan J\u00d6NT\u00dcRK’lerin, \u0130TT\u0130HAT ve TERAKK\u0130’cilerin eleba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n hemen tamam\u0131 Yahudi as\u0131ll\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun en a\u00e7\u0131k ve kesin ispat\u0131 ise ALLIANCE ISRA\u00c9LITE UNIVERSELLE (Evrensel Musevi Birli\u011fi) okullar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131 say\u0131lan, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Mason Locas\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00fcstad-\u0131 azam\u0131 yap\u0131lan ve Osmanl\u0131’y\u0131 kendi sinsi ve Siyonist ama\u00e7lar\u0131 u\u011frunda 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’na sokup par\u00e7alanmaya ta\u015f\u0131yan ve sava\u015f\u0131 kaybedip amac\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131nca da adice ve haince yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7an MEHMET TALAT PA\u015eA’dan, eski Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 CELAL BAYAR’a kadar, bunlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131, Yahudi cemaatine ba\u011fl\u0131, \u0130branice e\u011fitim veren ve Siyonist ajan yeti\u015ftiren <\/span><\/strong>Alyans okullar\u0131nda<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>ders alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ba\u015fka din ve kavimlerden asla talebe almayan bu Alyans Yahudi okullar\u0131n\u0131n hangi maksat ve programlarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ise, ayn\u0131 tak\u0131mdan olan R\u0131fat N. Bali’nin yay\u0131na haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Esther Benbassa ve Aron Rodrigue adl\u0131 Yahudi tarih\u00e7ilerin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “T\u00fcrkiye ve Balkan Yahudileri Tarihi”[1] <\/span><\/span><\/strong>kitab\u0131nda detaylar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Bu iki Yahudi tarih\u00e7inin itiraflar\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00fclkemizde \u0130slam’\u0131 d\u0131\u015flayan veya sadece aksesuar gibi kullanan “T\u00fcrk Milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi” k\u0131l\u0131fl\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve din d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da, yine ayn\u0131 Yahudi Alyans okullar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 kirli ve tehlikeli bir ak\u0131md\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu Yahudi Alyans okullar\u0131 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131: \u00c7A\u011e, TAN, ZAMAN, S\u00d6ZC\u00dc ve ULUS isimli gazetelerin bug\u00fcn bize neleri hat\u0131rlatt\u0131klar\u0131 da enteresand\u0131r![2]<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Bu Yahudi tarih\u00e7ilerin isim vermeden ama 1923-1938 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 hedef g\u00f6sterip, bu d\u00f6nemde “Siyonizm’in devlete ihanet \u015feklinde de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi<\/em>”[3] “1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130srail’e g\u00f6\u00e7 sa\u011flayan Filistin Yahudi b\u00fcrosuna yasak getirildi\u011fi”[4] <\/em>ve “\u00fclkenin yo\u011fun bir antisemitizm zihniyetiyle y\u00f6netildi\u011fi, ama 1938’den sonra Yahudilere ve Siyonistlere do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 kolayl\u0131klar getirildi\u011fi” <\/em>iddialar\u0131 ise, \u00e7ok gizli ve derin bir <\/span><\/strong>ATAT\u00dcRK D\u00dc\u015eMANLIKLARINI <\/span><\/strong>a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurmaktad\u0131r. Bu taifenin Onun aziz hat\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 istismar ve suiistimal i\u00e7in, Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fc kendilerinden g\u00f6stermeye, hatta bizzat kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span><\/strong>MASON LOCALARIYLA <\/span><\/strong>ili\u015fkilendirmeye kalk\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n da, tam bir sahtek\u00e2rl\u0131k oldu\u011fu s\u0131r\u0131tmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Alliance \u0130sraelite Universelle (Evrensel Yahudi Birli\u011fi) okullar\u0131 birer h\u0131yanet ocaklar\u0131yd\u0131!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Bu okullar\u0131n temeli Paris’te d\u00fcnya Yahudilerine y\u00f6nelik bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131yla at\u0131ld\u0131. Frans\u0131z Yahudi \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc Alliance \u0130sraelite Universelle, 1860’taki \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu: “\u00c7ok say\u0131da dinda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yirmi as\u0131rd\u0131r t\u00fcrl\u00fc ac\u0131lar, yasaklamalar ve hakaretlere maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na, ama birer insan ve vatanda\u015f olarak haysiyetlerini yeniden kazanabileceklerine inan\u0131yorsan\u0131z; yoldan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flar\u0131 k\u0131namak yerine \u0131slah\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, k\u00f6rle\u015fmi\u015fleri bir ba\u015flar\u0131na b\u0131rakmak yerine ayd\u0131nlatmak, bitkinlere ac\u0131mak yerine onlar\u0131 tutup aya\u011fa kald\u0131rmak gerekti\u011fine inan\u0131yorsan\u0131z; b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n Yahudileri, e\u011fer t\u00fcm bunlara inan\u0131yorsan\u0131z gelin, \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131m\u0131za kulak verin…”<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Paris’ten d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lan bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ya ilk yan\u0131t\u0131 veren Selanik Yahudileri olacakt\u0131. \u00d6zellikle 1860’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda pamuk ticareti nedeniyle hayli zenginle\u015fen Selanikli Yahudiler, cemaatlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engelin eski al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar, bo\u015f inan\u00e7lar oldu\u011funa; bunlar\u0131n yerini \u00fcretken, faydal\u0131 bireylerin almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Alyans okullar\u0131, Fransa k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc benimseyecek liberal Yahudi burjuvazisi yaratmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu nedenle Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fmak \u015fartt\u0131. Amac\u0131 Yahudileri bulunduklar\u0131 \u00fclkenin en zengin ve etkin insan\u0131 ve se\u00e7kin vatanda\u015f\u0131 yapmakt\u0131. Selanikli Yehuda Nehama, 14 Nisan 1863’te Alyans’\u0131n Paris’teki merkezine mektup yazarak ilk resmi ili\u015fkiyi ba\u015flatacak; okullar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ard\u0131 ard\u0131na komiteler olu\u015fturacakt\u0131: Selanik, \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmir, Gelibolu, Volos, Edirne, Ba\u011fdat, \u015eam. Alyans okullar\u0131 k\u0131sa zamanda Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n \u00f6nemli kentlerinde s\u0131rayla a\u00e7\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Pek \u00e7ok Yahudi bu okullarda \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6recek ve Osmanl\u0131’y\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131p \u0130srail’in kurulu\u015funa katk\u0131 sunacakt\u0131. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0130ttihat ve Terakki’nin sivil lideri sadrazam Talat Pa\u015fa Edirne Alyans okulunda \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapacakt\u0131. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n sadrazam\u0131 suikasta kurban giden Mahmud \u015eevket Pa\u015fa; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Celal Bayar; siyasetin ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce hayat\u0131n\u0131n “yaramaz feylesofu” R\u0131za Tevfik, Milli E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 Dr. Re\u015fid Galib, “T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc” \u00c7\u0131naralt\u0131 dergisinin yazarlar\u0131ndan \u015fair Yusuf Ziya Orta\u00e7, sosyalist Mihri Belli, ressam Avni Lifij gibi bir\u00e7ok tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f isim bu okullarda Siyonist e\u011fitim alacakt\u0131. Rifai \u015eeyhi Kenan Rifai de bu tezg\u00e2hta olgunla\u015facakt\u0131.[5]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nda keskin bir antisemitizm olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, hele Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Bat\u0131’da ya\u015fananlarla k\u0131yas kabul etmeyecek kadar, Yahudi ve Hristiyanlara ho\u015f davran\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn gayrim\u00fcslim cemaatler gibi Yahudi cemaati de sosyal ve hukuksal e\u015fitlikten yararlanmaktad\u0131r, \u00f6zellikle merkezi iktidar\u0131n \u00e7alkaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7 kayb\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde, y\u00f6neticilerin tav\u0131rlar\u0131ndan tedirginlik ya\u015fansa da yine de, modern \u00e7a\u011fa gelinene kadar \u0130slam topraklar\u0131nda inanca dayal\u0131 ideolojik antisemitizme rastlanmamaktad\u0131r. (sh: 337)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a01934 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mustafa Kemal’in talimat\u0131yla 2733 Say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazete’de yay\u0131nlanan 2510 say\u0131 ve 14 Haziran 1934 tarihli Devlet \u0130sk\u00e2n Kanunu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kanun anadili T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olmayanlar\u0131n yo\u011fun gruplar olu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131, yeni bir k\u00f6y ya da mahalle kurmalar\u0131n\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i ve esnaf dernekleri olu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131, herhangi bir i\u015f ya da mesle\u011fi tekellerine al\u0131p kendi k\u00f6kenlerinden olanlara aktarmalar\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 kanun T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne asimile olmayanlara ya da asimile olsa da T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden ba\u015fka bir dil konu\u015fanlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlemler \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Ve son olarak, bir kasaba ya da kentteki yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n oran\u0131n\u0131 %10 ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131yordu.”[6] Bu durum ise Yahudilerin Siyonist planlar\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor ve tabi Atat\u00fcrk’e d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yordu<\/span><\/strong>. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlardan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ki, Atat\u00fcrk emperyalist ve Siyonist faaliyetlere f\u0131rsat tan\u0131m\u0131yor ve g\u00f6z a\u00e7t\u0131rm\u0131yordu.<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc’n\u00fcn Masonlu\u011fa katk\u0131lar\u0131!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0“<\/span>Kemalist Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131ndan sonra, T\u00fcrk Yahudili\u011fi Siyonist hareketin y\u00f6netim mercileriyle resmi ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 koparmaya mecbur edilir. Fakat bu kopma, Siyonizm’in yeralt\u0131nda devam\u0131n\u0131 engellememi\u015ftir. Hatta 1920 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren \u0130stanbul’da bir Filistin Yahudi B\u00fcrosu kuruluverir. B\u00fcro, \u00f6zellikle transit ge\u00e7en Rus Yahudilerin durumlar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, Filistin’e g\u00f6\u00e7le ilgilenir. B\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde, g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlere az say\u0131da yerli Yahudi de kat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu b\u00fcro \u00e7e\u015fitli Siyonist ak\u0131mlar\u0131n temsilcilerinden kuruludur ve Londra’daki merkeze ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Haziran 1920 ve Haziran 1921 tarihleri aras\u0131nda 4.200 g\u00f6\u00e7mene yard\u0131m edilir. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7menler genellikle, Besarabya ve Romanya \u00fcst\u00fcnden ge\u00e7erek \u0130stanbul’a gelen ve burada, Filistin’e g\u00f6\u00e7 izni almak i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul’da bekleyen Ukraynal\u0131lard\u0131r. Filistin B\u00fcrosu kapanma da dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u015famalar ge\u00e7irir. Rus Yahudilerin T\u00fcrkiye’ye girmeleri yasaklan\u0131nca, amac\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlere yard\u0131m etmek olan bu b\u00fcro Sefaradlara y\u00f6nelir. Sefaradlar\u0131n Filistin’e g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc i\u00e7in elde az say\u0131da g\u00f6\u00e7men izin belgesi olmas\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i projenin etkilerinin azalmas\u0131na neden olur. Zaten bu Yahudiler, Siyonizm’i devlete ihanet olarak de\u011ferlendiren (Mustafa Kemal \u00f6nderli\u011findeki) otoritenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 korkuyla ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. (sh: 291)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0(\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcndeki) T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>ise, 1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kararnameyle <\/span>Yahudilerin kendi topraklar\u0131ndan transit ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmas\u0131na izin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r<\/span><\/em><\/strong>.<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>Bunun i\u00e7in aranan tek \u015fart g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin Filistin vizelerinin olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 boyunca T\u00fcrkiye’nin, hem \u00fclke i\u00e7indeki hem de yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Yahudilere kar\u015f\u0131 tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tav\u0131r i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenebilecek tek \u015fey \u00e7eli\u015fkili bir tav\u0131rd\u0131r. (\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Yahudi aleyhtar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnerek g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin T\u00fcrkiye yerine \u0130srail’e yerle\u015fmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.) Yine de, 1934 ve 1944 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 37.000 Avrupal\u0131 Yahudi Filistin’e yollanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc’n\u00fcn 1939-1943 aras\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’den \u0130srail’e g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi Musevi say\u0131s\u0131 5 bine yak\u0131nd\u0131r. 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda (Mustafa Kemal’in ba\u015f\u0131ndaki) T\u00fcrk y\u00f6netiminin kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Siyonist ama\u00e7l\u0131 Filistin b\u00fcrosu ise di\u011fer kurtarma merkezleriyle olan ili\u015fkilerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi sorumlulu\u011funu \u00fcstlenmi\u015f olmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Sava\u015f\u0131n son y\u0131llar\u0131nda, i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki \u00fclkeye y\u00f6nelik operasyonlar ertelenir. O zaman bu b\u00fcro yerli Yahudilere y\u00f6nelerek onlarla ilgilenir. Genel olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Balfour Deklarasyonu sonras\u0131, Siyonizm’in resmi kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n yerli Yahudiler \u00fcst\u00fcndeki ilgisinin sistematik bir \u015fekilde azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130lgilendikleri daha iyi bir se\u00e7enekleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, anar\u015fik bir tav\u0131r i\u00e7ine girilmi\u015ftir. Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen, bu b\u00fcro \u00fclkede Siyonizm’in canl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda, hem kurulu\u015f a\u015famas\u0131nda hem de sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00e7ok da i\u015fe yaram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Otuzlu y\u0131llar\u0131n sonuna kadar \u00fclkedeki tek Siyonist kurum, bu temsil b\u00fcrosudur. Yani Filistin hakk\u0131nda bilgi verecek tek kurumdur. Kemalist Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemde ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede Siyonist faaliyetler ne kadar zenginse, bunu izleyen d\u00f6nemde, tam tersine, bir \u00f6l\u00fcm sessizli\u011fine b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr. Kemalizm’in kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ba\u015fka bir milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi kabul edecek yap\u0131da de\u011fildir, hele eski zimm\u00eelerden kaynakl\u0131 ise.<\/span><\/em><\/strong> (sh: 293)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Yazar G\u00fclsev Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu \u0130rhan’\u0131n, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’na giden g\u00fcnlerdeki<\/em> “WikiLeaks Belgeleri’ni” derleyen yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Alyans mezunu Sabataistlerin h\u0131yanetleri ortaya konulmaktad\u0131r:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Bak\u0131n, o g\u00fcnlerde \u015fu yaz\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a01)<\/span><\/strong> “Elimizde uslu ve namuslu bir memur s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 yok. \u00d6zellikle Ordu tepeden t\u0131rna\u011fa yeniden \u0131slah edilmelidir. Ordunun yeniden tanzim edilmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn umudum Almanya’d\u0131r. Bize yard\u0131m edin, \u0131slahat\u00e7\u0131 heyetler g\u00f6nderin.” <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0“Gizlidir” 24 Nisan 1913 Sadrazam Mahmut \u015eevket Pa\u015fa… <\/span><\/strong>Bu Mahmut \u015eevket Pa\u015fa Mason \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n Sadrazam\u0131d\u0131r ve kendisi Sabataist olup Alyans Yahudi okullar\u0131nda e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 17 Temmuz 1913 tarihinde Almanya’n\u0131n \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi’nin g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi YANIT; “Majeste \u0130mparator Kayser, Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Ordusunu \u0131slah heyeti g\u00f6nderme iste\u011fini kabul etmek tenezz\u00fcl\u00fcnde bulunmu\u015ftur…” <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a02)<\/span><\/strong> “Medeni Avrupa’ya k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la gelen T\u00fcrkler, \u015fimdi k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la yok edileceklerdir. Bundan kimsenin \u015f\u00fcphesi olmas\u0131n…”<\/em><\/strong> (<\/strong>23 Kas\u0131m 1914 \u0130ngiliz Kraliyet Naibi ve \u0130ngiltere Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Lloyd George…)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a03)<\/span><\/strong> “Kozmopolit ve Uluslararas\u0131 bir \u015fehir olan Konstantinopolis’in (\u0130stanbul’un); Medeni Avrupa’n\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 y\u0131ldan beri zehirleyen T\u00fcrklerin elinden al\u0131nma f\u0131rsat\u0131 kesinlikle gelmi\u015ftir. Ayasofya 900 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde oldu\u011fu gibi yeniden Y\u00fcce Hristiyan Kilisesi yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r…” <\/em>(<\/span>30 Kas\u0131m 1914 \u0130ngiltere D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Lord Curson…)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a04)<\/span><\/strong> “Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 \u0130slamiyet’tir. \u0130slamiyet’in en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc T\u00fcrklerdir. T\u00fcrkiye Devletini y\u0131kmak i\u00e7in, buradaki Ermeni ve Helen dostlar\u0131m\u0131za sahip \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131z gerekir. Hristiyanl\u0131k i\u00e7in Ermeni ve Helen dostlar\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7ok kan ve can feda etmi\u015ftir. \u0130slamiyet’e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Asla unutmayal\u0131m ki; kutsal vazifemiz sona erinceye kadar daha pek \u00e7ok kan ak\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 laz\u0131m gelir.” <\/em>(<\/span>1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda Merzifon Amerikan Koleji M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Georgie Whit’in Amerikan H\u00fck\u00fcmetine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi rapor…)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

5)<\/span><\/strong> “G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde T\u00fcrkiye’yi i\u015fgal etmedi\u011fimiz halde; Valilerini tayin ediyor, g\u00f6revlerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yoruz. Polis Te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netiyor onlara istedi\u011fimiz her \u015feyi yapt\u0131r\u0131yoruz. Gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz her \u015feye el koyduruyoruz.” <\/em>(\u0130ngiliz<\/span> Y\u00fcksek Komiseri Amiral Webb’in \u0130ngiliz H\u00fck\u00fcmetine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 19 Ocak 1919 Tarihli rapor!)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a06)<\/span><\/strong> “T\u00fcrk H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile uyumlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131za engel olacak ya da olabilecek asker, polis, gazeteci, siyaset\u00e7i, esnaf ve halktan 200’e yak\u0131n ki\u015fiyi tutuklatt\u0131k!”<\/em><\/strong> (<\/strong>Amerika Y\u00fcksek Komiseri Amiral Calthorpe’nin, H\u00fck\u00fcmetine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 24 Ocak 1919 tarihli rapor.)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a09)<\/span><\/strong> “Askeri Doktor S\u00fcleyman Numan, Harbiye Nezareti \u0130stihbarat \u015eefi Seyfi, E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc, Ankara ve Konya Valilerinin derhal tutuklanmalar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinin temini…” <\/em>(<\/span>Amerikan H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin, \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmetine 14 \u015eubat 1919 Tarihli \u0130vedi Notas\u0131…)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a010)<\/span><\/strong> “Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131, kendi yurtlar\u0131nda her \u015feye h\u00e2kim duruma getirmek i\u00e7in \u0130zmir ve civar\u0131n\u0131n Yunanistan’la ivedilikle birle\u015ftirilmesi gereklidir…”<\/em><\/strong> (<\/strong>21 Nisan 1919. Amerikan Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Woodrow Wilson.)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a011)<\/span><\/strong> “Mara\u015f’la birlikte Kilikya’y\u0131, Erzurum, Bitlis, Van, Harput, Sivas, Diyarbak\u0131r vilayetlerinin tamam\u0131 ve Trabzon vilayetinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n derhal Ermenistan’a verilmesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin yetkililerinin Ermenilerin az\u0131nl\u0131k oldu\u011fu konusundaki beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n katiyen kabul edilmemesi gerekir…”<\/em><\/strong><\/span> <\/span>26 \u015eubat 1919 tarihinde Paris’te toplanan 10’lar Konseyinde Ermeni Birli\u011fi Delegesi Bogos Nubar Pa\u015fa (ki kendisi Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nde bir\u00e7ok Naz\u0131rl\u0131klarda, \u00fcst d\u00fczey b\u00fcrokrat olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir de \u00fcstelik Pa\u015fa unvan\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f.)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0130\u015fte bu belgeler, ancak binlerce belgenin sadece bir k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r(!)…<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Alliance \u0130sraelite Universelle (Evrensel Musevi Birli\u011fi)nin sinsi tahribatlar\u0131!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Sefaradlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu topraklarda misyoner okullar\u0131, dini okullar ve laik okullar e\u011fitim veriyor olsa da, kitlelerin Bat\u0131 tarz\u0131nda bir e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimden ge\u00e7meleri g\u00f6revi Alyans’a b\u0131rak\u0131lacakt\u0131r. 1860 y\u0131l\u0131nda Frans\u0131z Yahudiler taraf\u0131ndan Paris’te kurulan Alyans, Bat\u0131 Yahudili\u011finin reform yanl\u0131s\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc Do\u011fu’daki din karde\u015fleri aras\u0131nda canland\u0131r\u0131r. D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn Yahudilerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 konusunda olduk\u00e7a parlar. Yine de esas hizmetini e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim alan\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. 1862 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Fas’\u0131n Tetuan kentinde ba\u015flayan Alyans’\u0131n e\u011fitim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucu, b\u00fct\u00fcn Kuzey Afrika ve Ortado\u011fu’da ilkokullar, pe\u015finden de Yahudi k\u0131z ve erkek ortaokullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda, a\u011f 183 kurumdan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r, bat\u0131da Fas’a, do\u011fuda \u0130ran’a kadar uzan\u0131r. \u00d6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 43.700’e ula\u015f\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok Sefarad ku\u015fak e\u011fitimini Alyans kurumlar\u0131nda al\u0131r. Bu okullarda esas olan Frans\u0131zca e\u011fitimine zamanla Yahudi tarihi ve Yahudi din dersi ile \u0130branice dersleri de kat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu sayede Alyans, Sefarad Yahudili\u011finin Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynayacakt\u0131r. 1865 y\u0131l\u0131nda Volos’ta (Yunanistan) kurulan okul, Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda Sefarad Yahudisi k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7evrenin merkezinde kurulan ilkokuldur. Bunu, 1867’de Edirne’de ve 1870’te (Bulgaristan) \u015eumla’da kurulan okullar izler. 1870’li y\u0131llarda \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmir ve Selanik’te de Alyans’\u0131n k\u0131z ve erkek okullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde olan b\u00f6lgelerde bu okullara kay\u0131tl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 9.441’e ula\u015f\u0131r. Kurulmalar\u0131ndan Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’na kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde Selanik’te toplam 10.000 civar\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenci Alyans okullar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er. 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda, n\u00fcfusu 1.000 ki\u015fi civar\u0131nda olan her \u0130spanyol Yahudi cemaatinde en az bir Alyans okulu vard\u0131r.[7]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Y\u00fczy\u0131l de\u011fi\u015firken, Alyans’\u0131n okullar\u0131 h\u0131zla \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmir, Selanik ve Sofya gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck merkezlerin her birinde birden fazla k\u0131z ve erkek okullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nceleri ilkokul olarak hizmete giren bir\u00e7ok kurumun, zaman i\u00e7inde ortaokul da a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rnek vard\u0131r. Hem k\u0131z hem de erkek \u00f6\u011frencilere muhasebe dersleri, meslek sahibi olmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in dersler de okutulmaktad\u0131r. Okullar b\u00fcnyesinde gen\u00e7lik kollar\u0131, mezun dernekleri, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yard\u0131m kollar\u0131, k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler kurulur. \u0130branice \u00f6\u011fretiliyor olsa da, s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en etkinliklerde kullan\u0131lan dil Frans\u0131zcad\u0131r. Zaten \u0130branicenin \u00f6\u011fretilmesindeki temel ama\u00e7 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n Eski Ahit’i, din ve ibadet kurallar\u0131n\u0131 anlamalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Alyans’\u0131n yay\u0131lma merkezi Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu olmaktad\u0131r. \u0130yice zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f ve Sabataistlerin i\u015fgaline u\u011fram\u0131\u015f devlet te\u015fkilat\u0131 ve Avrupal\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi haline gelmi\u015f ekonomik yap\u0131s\u0131yla olduk\u00e7a uygun bir ortamd\u0131. B\u00f6ylesi bir durumda yerel otoritenin kar\u015f\u0131 koyma riski bulunmamaktayd\u0131. Esas olarak kitleleri hedefleyen Alyans’\u0131n, orta s\u0131n\u0131ftan da kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130mparatorluk s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda varl\u0131k g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi yar\u0131m as\u0131rdan az bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, yerli elitin de deste\u011fini alan Alyans okullar\u0131; gelenek ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fl\u0131k aras\u0131nda gidip gelen bir Yahudili\u011fin olu\u015fumunda etkili olmaktayd\u0131. G\u00f6nderilen \u00f6\u011fretmenler \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fmay\u0131 yayacak kanal g\u00f6revini yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Yerli cemaatler i\u00e7inde yaln\u0131zca Alyans ideolojisi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda beraberinde getirdi\u011fi Bat\u0131l\u0131 e\u011fitim sistemi ve Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fma hevesi de yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[8] Yahudi militan e\u011fitmen kadrosu da zaten Kuzey Afrika ve Ortado\u011fu Yahudilerinden olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Alyans’\u0131n Paris’teki Do\u011fu Musevi \u00d6\u011fretmen Okulu’nda (Ecole Normale Israelite Orientale. Bundan sonra ENIO olarak ge\u00e7ecektir) e\u011fitilen bu kadrolar, kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretiden kazand\u0131klar\u0131 yeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc yaymakla g\u00f6revlendiriliyorlard\u0131. Alyans’\u0131n e\u011fitmenleri sayesinde Do\u011fu’nun yerlisi Yahudiler aras\u0131ndaki entelekt\u00fcel z\u00fcmre, ilk entelekt\u00fcel eliti olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131. 1869 ve 1925 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ENIO’dan mezun olan d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz otuz gen\u00e7 k\u0131z ve erkek aras\u0131ndan hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olabildiklerimizin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nda, bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye, Yunanistan ve Bulgaristan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan ve Yahudi \u0130spanyolcas\u0131 konu\u015fan Yahudilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde do\u011fmu\u015flard\u0131. Yaln\u0131zca bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkeden gelenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 e\u011fitmen kadrosunun %60’\u0131n\u0131 bulmaktayd\u0131. Selefleri de dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu say\u0131 %70’e var\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n Alyans’\u0131n en uzun s\u00fcreden beri faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi yer olan Fas k\u00f6kenli \u00f6\u011frencilerin oran\u0131n\u0131n %10,1’de kalmas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Alyans’\u0131n okullar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kas\u0131tl\u0131 ve planl\u0131 olarak, \u00f6zellikle Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu topraklar\u0131nda ve \u00f6zellikle Sefarad Yahudisi cemaatlerin bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde konu\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu noktadan hareketle e\u011fitmenlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun bu yerlerden gelmesi de do\u011fald\u0131r. Alyans’a yirmi y\u0131l ve hatta daha fazla s\u00fcreden beri hizmet veren bu ki\u015filer, e\u011fitim a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n temel dire\u011fini olu\u015fturuyorlard\u0131. Aralar\u0131ndan bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 gazeteci, cemaat \u00f6nderleri, cemaat e\u015fraf\u0131 ve politikac\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f grupla yerel yetkililer ve cemaatin y\u00f6neticisi elitle s\u0131k\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde i\u015flevlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Gelecekte cemaatlerin ilerici kadrolar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturacak olan ki\u015filerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ki, bunlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Siyonistlere kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r, e\u011fitim hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n bir d\u00f6neminde Alyans kurumlar\u0131nda okumu\u015flard\u0131. Alyans yaln\u0131zca gen\u00e7lerin e\u011fitilmesi, onlara meslek kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Okul s\u00fcresini kapsayan, hatta okul sonras\u0131na da uzanan de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcrecini h\u0131zland\u0131racak sosyal ya\u015fam se\u00e7enekleri sunulmaktayd\u0131. Alyans’\u0131n yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fi bu a\u011f zamanla siyasalla\u015ft\u0131 ve Alyans’\u0131n, \u00f6nemli bir fikir oda\u011f\u0131, bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce platformu olarak camian\u0131n siyasi arenas\u0131ndaki Hilfersverein der Deutschen Juden, D\u00fcnya Siyonist \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve 1911 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle Osmanl\u0131 ba\u015fkentine ilk localar\u0131n\u0131 kuran Bene Berit gibi di\u011fer gruplar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Ulus-devletin e\u011fitim ve entegrasyon gibi kimi ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kendine mal eden Alyans, cemaatin kan kaybeden kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n yerini ald\u0131. Yahudi Cemaat y\u00f6neticilerinin baz\u0131lar\u0131 bu konumlanmadan ho\u015fnut olmasalar da, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu Frankolar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu “Alyans’\u00e7\u0131lar” (Alyans’a ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar, Alyans taraftarlar\u0131) cemaat y\u00f6netiminin \u00e7evresinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk Devrimi ve Alyans yanda\u015f\u0131 olan Haim Nahum’un Osmanl\u0131 Yahudilerinin ba\u015f\u0131na gelmesiyle, hemen 1908 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle bu liderler ve onlar\u0131n himayesindekiler iktidar\u0131 ele alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.[9]<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Oligar\u015fik sistemin yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fulcu siyasete (ve Yahudi etkinli\u011fine) f\u0131rsat vermiyordu. Oysa mutlak\u0131yet\u00e7i rejime nokta koyan J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk devrimi siyasette a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k d\u00f6nemini ba\u015flatacakt\u0131r. Bu de\u011fi\u015fimlerin etkisinde kalan Yahudiler de politize olacakt\u0131r.[10] Yahudi Sefarad k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131nda ya\u015fanan \u00d6nsiyonizm \u00e7ok farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Edirneli Baruh ben \u0130zak Mitrani’nin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Y. Alkalay modeline yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan, farkl\u0131 \u00e7izgilerdeki bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi ve modeller sayesinde yelpaze olduk\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nsiyonizmin az tan\u0131nan simas\u0131 Reuven \u0130zak Perahia, S\u0131rp H. G. Nahmias, eylemci militan Marko Baruh (1872-1899) gibi baz\u0131 ki\u015filer, fikrin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi, hayata ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in somut yollar bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada, onlara oranla daha pasif olan seleflerinden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Koloniler kurma ve yerle\u015ftirme ama\u00e7l\u0131 cemiyetler de bu ak\u0131mdan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesi a\u00e7\u0131k faaliyet modelleri Bulgaristan’da daha rahat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131ndaki kom\u015fu topraklarda, ulusun yeniden do\u011fu\u015fu fikrinin benimseni\u015fi ayd\u0131n \u00e7evrelerde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra da bu olu\u015fumlar milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin serpilip yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndaki uygulamalar\u0131n \u015fekilleri ve kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lar kom\u015fu \u00fclkedekilerden apa\u00e7\u0131k farkl\u0131d\u0131r. (Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve din kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 milliyet\u00e7ilik ak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 Alyans mezunu Sabataistler k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk Devrimi Siyonist ama\u00e7l\u0131yd\u0131!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a01881-1882 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Rusya’da ya\u015fanan Yahudi k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131, kimi b\u00f6lgelerde s\u00fcrekli ve sistemli bir zul\u00fcmle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan Yahudilerin “yerle\u015fecek bir topraklar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131”<\/em> hik\u00e2yesini k\u00f6r\u00fcklemi\u015f ve Yahudileri \u0130srail’e g\u00f6\u00e7e haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sars\u0131c\u0131 \u015fartlardan do\u011fan “Hibat Tsion” (Sion A\u015fk\u0131) hareketi, Yahudi ulusunun tarihi vatan\u0131nda (Filistin topraklar\u0131nda) yerle\u015ftirilip korunmas\u0131<\/em> yolundaki fikirleri k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131p kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f vermi\u015f Bulgar milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin bundaki rol\u00fc de unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Kazan\u0131lan ulus-devlet stat\u00fcs\u00fc ve tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k, Bulgaristan’da Yahudi milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin uyanmas\u0131nda etkili olacakt\u0131r. Bu ulus-devlet, Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011finin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanacakt\u0131r. Bulgar milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi bu tecr\u00fcbenin Filistin konusuna ve Yahudi kimli\u011fi sorununa yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonundan itibaren Ermeni milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dalgalanmalar, Yahudi milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin o y\u00f6relerde a\u00e7\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli cesareti k\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in, D\u00fcnya Siyonist \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’n\u00fcn temsilcisi olan ilk Siyonist \u015fubenin \u0130stanbul’da a\u00e7\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 1908 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 beklemek mecburiyetinde kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk devrimi Siyonist Yahudilerin Osmanl\u0131’daki ilk ciddi ve organizeli siyasi devrimidir.) Geli\u015fmesinde hep \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelen deste\u011fe ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131’da organize bir anti-semit hareketin bulunmamas\u0131, bu hareketin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[11]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nda, J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk Devrimi’nden (1908) hemen sonra, Siyonizm’de hareketlilik ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O g\u00fcne kadar Siyonizm, \u0130brani dilinin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yay\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ayd\u0131n cemiyetlerinde gizlice konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r. Devrimden birka\u00e7 ay sonra \u0130stanbul’da kurulan Siyonist irtibat b\u00fcrosu sayesinde Siyonizm gizlilikten kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu b\u00fcro, Viktor Jacobson (1869-1935) y\u00f6netiminde bir banka kisvesi alt\u0131nda, Anglo-Levantine Banking Company ad\u0131yla faaliyetler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Viktor Jacobson Rus tarz\u0131nda uygulanan Siyonizm’in temsilcisi say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Rus tarz\u0131 Siyonizm b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyor, Filistin’e g\u00f6\u00e7 i\u00e7in bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgedeki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc siyasi ili\u015fkilerin \u015fekillendirilmesine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Zaten, ge\u00e7ici olarak \u0130mparatorluk topraklar\u0131na yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan b\u00fct\u00fcn Siyonistler ayn\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131n temsilcileri konumundayd\u0131.[12]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/span>Yo\u011fun bir Yahudi g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ve \u0130srail’in kurulmas\u0131; Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid’in s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Panislamizm siyasetine sekte vurabilecek bir giri\u015fim oluyordu. \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u0130mparatorlukta sosyopolitik bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kurulmas\u0131 gerekiyordu, i\u015fte Sultan’\u0131 Panislamizmi uygulamaya iten stratejik neden buydu. Zaten daha sonralar\u0131, bu k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar Arap n\u00fcfusun bask\u0131s\u0131yla yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131yor, fakat umulan sonu\u00e7lar al\u0131nam\u0131yordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kutsal Topraklardaki Yahudi n\u00fcfusu, 1882 ve 1908 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7e katlan\u0131yordu. Bu da Yahudi-\u0130srail sorununun acil bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm gerektirdi\u011fi bahanesine hakl\u0131l\u0131k kazand\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yordu. Siyasal Siyonizm’in kurucusu Theodor Herzl 1896 ve 1902 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi be\u015f ziyarete ra\u011fmen, Sultan’la yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olam\u0131yordu. Siyonistler, imparatorlu\u011fun i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu zor \u015fartlardan faydalanmak istiyordu. Daha liberal olan yeni rejimin \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda ve J\u00f6n-T\u00fcrklerin katk\u0131s\u0131yla Filistin sorununda yeni geli\u015fmeler kaydetmeyi umuyordu.[13]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1909’dan itibaren milliyet\u00e7i T\u00fcrk gazetesi Le Jeune Turc’e ba\u011f\u0131\u015fta bulunulmas\u0131, bu ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan propaganda yollar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, Siyonist Yahudilerin i\u015flerini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu. Filistin’de, b\u00f6lgenin tek h\u00e2kimi gibi davran\u0131r hale gelen 4. Ordu komutan\u0131 Cemal Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n kurdu\u011fu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z d\u00fczen 1915-1916 y\u0131llar\u0131nda da s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. 1917 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yafa halk\u0131, Yahudi olsun olmas\u0131n, kuzeye g\u00f6nderiliyor, bu durum Yahudi n\u00fcfusu derinden yaral\u0131yordu. 2 Kas\u0131m 1917’de yay\u0131nlanan Balfour Bildirisi’ni izleyen \u0130ngilizlerin Filistin’i i\u015fgalinin (9 Aral\u0131k 1917) ard\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131lar kimi \u00f6d\u00fcnler vermeye raz\u0131 oluyordu. Ama art\u0131k \u00e7ok ge\u00e7tir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc 30 Ekim 1918 tarihli Mondros M\u00fctarekesi, Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n Filistin’de as\u0131rlard\u0131r s\u00fcren egemenli\u011fine son veriyordu.[14]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Yahudi gazetelerin T\u00fcrkiye versiyonlar\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 milliyet\u00e7ilik ve Siyonizm a\u015f\u0131lamaktayd\u0131!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Sonralar\u0131 Filistin’e g\u00f6\u00e7 eden David Florentin’in sahibi oldu\u011fu Selanik’in El Avenir (Gelecek) gazetesi buna \u00f6rnektir. Selanikli \u00fcnl\u00fc gazeteci Betsalel Halevi’nin soyundan gelenlerin sahibi oldu\u011fu, Journal de Salonique (Selanik’in Gazetesi) ve La Epoka (\u00c7a\u011f) gibi baz\u0131 gazeteler fikirlerini a\u00e7\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131k beyan etmemi\u015fler, ama bir d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in de D\u00fcnya Siyonist \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’nden mali yard\u0131m g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Frans\u0131zca yay\u0131mlanan L’Aurore (Tan) gazetesi, e\u011fitimli kitleye eri\u015fmek isteyen Siyonistlerden mali yard\u0131m alan ilk gazetedir. Bazen Siyonistlerin, Alyans yanl\u0131s\u0131 gazeteleri, politik \u00e7izgilerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin \u00e7ok zor olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bile bile destekledikleri olmu\u015ftur. Bundaki ama\u00e7lar\u0131 bu gazeteleri hi\u00e7 de\u011filse tarafs\u0131z bir \u00e7izgiye \u00e7ekebilmektir. El Tiempo (Zaman) gazetesinde ya\u015fanan durum i\u015fte b\u00f6yledir. Bu gazete, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonundan beri yay\u0131nlanmaktayd\u0131 ve sahibi de hem Alyans’\u0131n hem de modernle\u015fmenin ate\u015fli bir savunucusuydu. Siyonistlerin do\u011frudan mali yard\u0131m yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ya da destekledikleri \u0130stanbul’dan Eljudio (Yahudi) ve La Boz (Ses), Selanik’ten La Tribuna Libera (Serbest K\u00fcrs\u00fc) ve El Puevlo (Halk) gibi gazeteler kar\u015f\u0131 saflarda yer alan di\u011fer bas\u0131n organlar\u0131na h\u00fccuma ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir. Yahudi cemaat dengesinin Osmanl\u0131 aleyhine bozulmas\u0131nda bu gazetelerin rol\u00fc \u00f6nemlidir. \u00dcstelik bu gazetelerin sahiplerinden \u00e7o\u011fu Alyans okullar\u0131ndan mezun ki\u015filer oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in fethedecekleri kaleyi iyi bilmektedir. Edebini koruyan tek gazete, \u00fclkede g\u00f6reve g\u00f6nderilen Siyonist liderlerin 1910 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurdu\u011fu, \u0130branice yay\u0131mlanan Hamevasser (S\u00f6zc\u00fc) adl\u0131 gazetedir. Kurulan yeni Siyonist dernekler Osmanl\u0131 halk\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7isi bayrak alt\u0131nda bir araya geldi\u011fi, e\u011flendi\u011fi, siyasalla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni toplum alanlar\u0131na \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. Merkezden, iktidardan uzak olanlar\u0131n siyasi \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irdikleri yan kurumlar gibidir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, \u00f6zlemlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yeni \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktalar\u0131 arayan kitleleri de kendilerine \u00e7ekmektedir.[15]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bol\u015fevik Devrimi’nden sonra \u0130stanbul, SSCB’deki Yahudi k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131ndan ka\u00e7anlar\u0131n transit merkezi, bir aktarma noktas\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Gelenler, Siyonist hareketle \u00f6nceden tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerdir ve hareketin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinde paylar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Neredeyse ba\u015fkentin b\u00fct\u00fcn Siyonistleri Federasyonun \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Siyonizm’in yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde, kimi derneklerin \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131nda azalmalar olacakt\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan da, ge\u00e7ici derneklerin bollu\u011fu ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc, kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a az bir s\u00fcre sonra kapanan bu \u00e7ok say\u0131da dernek hareketin dinamizmine h\u0131z katacakt\u0131r. Hareketteki bu dinamizm sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi yap\u0131lan propagandalar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. Yirmili y\u0131llarda Federasyon’un \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 4.000 ile 5.000 ki\u015fi aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. O y\u0131llarda \u0130stanbul Yahudi n\u00fcfusunun 70.000 ki\u015fi oldu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131nda ne kadar y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Federasyon \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanan dernekler, \u0130stanbul’dan on sekiz, ta\u015fradan on olmak \u00fczere, toplam yirmi sekizi bulmaktad\u0131r.[16]<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>Art\u0131k<\/span> <\/span>g\u00f6st<\/span>eriler, ses getiren propagandalar, Federasyon’un resmi yay\u0131n organ\u0131 La Nation (Ulus)’taki ate\u015fli makaleler ve toplant\u0131 tutanaklar\u0131 d\u00f6neme damgalar\u0131n\u0131 vuracakt\u0131r.<\/span>
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Balkanlardan Filistin ve \u0130srail’e G\u00f6\u00e7 Edenlerin Say\u0131s\u0131:[17]<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u00dclkeler Y\u0131llar<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1919<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1924<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1932<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1939<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1946<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

15.8.1948<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Toplam<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1923<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1931<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1938<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1945<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

15.8.1948<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

31.9.1949<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Bulgaristan<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

328<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.209<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.121<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.220<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.179<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

35.089<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

42.146<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Yunanistan<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

158<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

815<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5.651<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.161<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

982<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.540<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10.307<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

T\u00fcrkiye<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

478<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.303<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.179<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.196<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

121<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

30.657<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

38.934.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Yugoslavya<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

145<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

154<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

640<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

858<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

147<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.596<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

8.540<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Toplam<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.109<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.481<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.591<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9.435<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.429<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

73.882<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

99.927<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n

\u00a0
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sabatay Sevi ve D\u00f6nmelik Sahtek\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1626 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zmir’de do\u011fan Sabatay Sevi’nin ailesi, bu \u015fehirdeki y\u00fcksek refah d\u00fczeyinin b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcne kap\u0131l\u0131p Yunanistan’dan buraya g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015flerdir. \u0130ngiliz t\u00fcccarlar i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan babas\u0131 zengin bir simsard\u0131r. Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n, Rumlar\u0131n, Ermenilerin, Yahudilerin ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n birbiriyle ticaret yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, geli\u015fme halindeki bu \u015fehrin; kaynayan kozmopolit ortam\u0131n\u0131n kendi do\u011fas\u0131 itibariyle fikirlerin yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, beklenti ve umutlar\u0131n serpilmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 barizdir. Sabatay Sevi, Josef Eskapa (1570-1662) gibi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f din bilginlerinden geleneksel Yahudilik e\u011fitimi alarak \u00e7ok gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta Kabala ile ilgilenir. Bu ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde garip tav\u0131rlar tak\u0131n\u0131p manik-depresif bir ki\u015filik sergileyecektir. Ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi co\u015fkunluk ve ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k d\u00f6nemleri ile koyu umutsuzluk d\u00f6nemleri aras\u0131ndaki gelgitler bunun bir g\u00f6stergesidir. Chmielnik k\u0131y\u0131mlar\u0131 onu derinden etkileyip, daha bu zamanlarda Mesihli\u011fini ilan etti\u011fi bilinmektedir. Her ne olursa olsun, ruh halindeki ve tav\u0131rlar\u0131ndaki s\u0131k ve h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimler sonucu ciddiye al\u0131nmay\u0131p, \u0130zmir Yahudi otoritelerinin g\u00f6z\u00fcnden d\u00fc\u015fecektir. 1650’li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u015fehri terk etmeye mecbur edilir. On y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcre Do\u011fu Akdeniz topraklar\u0131ndaki Yahudi cemaatleri aras\u0131nda dola\u015farak karizmas\u0131 sayesinde dostluklar ve ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirir.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sabatay Sevi’nin -ki o zamanlar Kahire’de ya\u015f\u0131yordu- Mesihli\u011fini ilan etmesine neden olacak olaylar 1665 y\u0131l\u0131nda Gazzeli Natan’\u0131 (1643\/1644-1680) ziyareti s\u0131ras\u0131nda geli\u015fir. Asl\u0131nda onu Mesih ilan eden Natan, onun geli\u015finin haberini b\u00fct\u00fcn Yahudi cemaatlerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektuplarla duyuruvermi\u015ftir. Ondan cesaret alan Sevi Kud\u00fcs’e do\u011fru yola d\u00fc\u015fer. Kud\u00fcs’te, hahaml\u0131k m\u00fcessesesinin \u00f6nderlerinin onay\u0131n\u0131 alamasa da, toplumda heyecana sebebiyet verir. Oradan ayr\u0131l\u0131p zaten \u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn kendinden \u00f6nce vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130zmir’e gider. Bu kentte kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, Eyl\u00fcl 1665’te, bir Mesih tutkusu hem kitleleri, hem hahaml\u0131k otoritelerini hem de Sefarad diasporadaki cemaatleri sarmaya yetmi\u015ftir. Sevi, \u0130zmir’in ba\u015f haham\u0131 Aron Lapapa’y\u0131 (1604-1667) g\u00f6revinden alarak yerine \u00f6nce onu kabul etmeyen ama sonradan ona “d\u00f6nen” Haim Benveniste’yi (1603-1673) getirir. Ayin usullerini yeniden d\u00fczenler, Yahudilik kurallar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a hi\u00e7e sayar, orucu kald\u0131r\u0131r, yasak yiyeceklere izin verir, yerle\u015fmi\u015f kurallar\u0131n ge\u00e7erliliklerini kaybettikleri yeni bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n, Mesih \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan eder. 1665 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda \u0130stanbul’a do\u011fru hareket etti\u011finde bu sahte Mesih ate\u015fi doruklara y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir, Sultan’\u0131 tahttan indirmek niyetinde oldu\u011funa dair s\u00f6ylentiler yay\u0131l\u0131verir. Sevi’nin g\u00fcc\u00fc ve mucizeleri ile s\u00fcslenen hik\u00e2yeler b\u00fct\u00fcn Yahudi camias\u0131nda konu\u015fulur hale gelir, hahamlar ve “laikler” m\u00fcritleri aras\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131p, i\u015flerini ask\u0131ya al\u0131p, Yahudi halk\u0131n\u0131n Kutsal Topraklarda yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klara giri\u015feceklerdir.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Yahudilerin \u0130stanbul cemaatinin \u00f6nde gelenleri, onun gelmesinden endi\u015fe duyup Saray’a haber verirler, daha kendisi yoldayken tutuklama emri \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131r. Sadrazam K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc Ahmed Pa\u015fa ona kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 ve \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r, \u00f6nce \u0130stanbul’da sonra da Gelibolu’da \u00e7ok rahat edece\u011fi bir mahk\u00fbmiyet ya\u015far. Gelibolu, yanda\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir hac yeri halini al\u0131r. Mesih \u00e7evresinde olu\u015fan hareketlilik hem Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda hem de d\u0131\u015far\u0131da, Avrupa’da ate\u015fli beklentilere yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kayna\u015fman\u0131n kontrol edilmesinin g\u00fc\u00e7 boyutlara ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131nca, Eyl\u00fcl 1666’da, yetkililer Sevi’yi Edirne’ye ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p ihtida etmekle \u00f6l\u00fcm aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yapmak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. Tabi Sabatay Sevi ihtida edip M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7ti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayacakt\u0131r. Bunu izleyen on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanm\u0131\u015f gibi davranmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, m\u00fcritleriyle beraber Yahudi Mesih\u00e7ili\u011fi uygulamalar\u0131na f\u0131rsat sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son olarak, uzak bir u\u00e7 beyli\u011fine, Arnavutluk’a s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ve 1676 y\u0131l\u0131nda orada \u00f6l\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yahudi camias\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle Sefarad k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok din otoritesi her \u015feye yeniden ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ona kanm\u0131\u015f olmaktan, safl\u0131klar\u0131ndan pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duyarak yenilenmi\u015f bir gayretle geleneksel Yahudili\u011fe geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Sevi’den \u00e7ok etkilenmi\u015f baz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in hakikat \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftirir; ya\u015fanan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc maceran\u0131n koca bir hi\u00e7 i\u00e7in oldu\u011funu kabul etmek onlar i\u00e7in imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r. Reddedilir, Mesih’in din de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ak\u0131lc\u0131 nedenler bulmaya, a\u00e7\u0131klamalar getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 Sabatayc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa devam ederken, ya\u015fananlar\u0131n kendi i\u00e7inde bir mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131p Sevi’nin Mesihli\u011finin son icraat\u0131n\u0131 beklemeye koyulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Daha hayattayken, bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 onun izinde y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7meye (d\u00f6nmeli\u011fe) ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Di\u011ferlerinin de onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra ihtida edip \u0130slam’a ge\u00e7mesiyle Selanikli y\u00fczlerce aile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Yine de, T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede D\u00f6nmeler olarak bilinen ve d\u0131\u015ftan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan bu grubun \u00fcyeleri Sevi’ye inanma kurallar\u0131 ve kendilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc ibadet tarzlar\u0131 ile tam anlam\u0131yla gizli bir mezhep olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu mezhebe ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fehrin Yunanl\u0131larca fethine kadar Selanik’te ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flar ve sonraki y\u0131llarda kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 yere, yani T\u00fcrkiye’ye g\u00f6\u00e7mek ihtiyac\u0131 duymu\u015flard\u0131r.” (Bak: sh: 166-169)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n
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[1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0130leti\u015fim yy. 2. Bask\u0131. 2001. \u0130ST.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

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[2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Bak. 284-289<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Sh: 291<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Sh: 293<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[5]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Efendi 2, Beyaz M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fck S\u0131rr\u0131 – Soner Yal\u00e7\u0131n, sf. 114.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[6]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> sh: 343<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[7]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> sh: 210-211<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[8]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> sh: 213<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[9]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> sh: 217<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[10]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> sh: 218<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[11]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> sh: 271-273<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[12]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> sh: 277<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[13]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> sh: 278<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[14]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Sh: 279<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[15]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Sh: 284-285<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[16]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Sh: 288<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[17]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Sh: 392<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 YAHUD\u0130 TAR\u0130H\u00c7\u0130LER\u0130N ATAT\u00dcRK NEFRET\u0130N\u0130N NEDENLER\u0130 \u00a0VE \u00a0ALLIANCE (ALYANS) OKULLARININ HIYANET\u0130 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0“\u0130lericilik, e\u015fitlik ve karde\u015flik” gibi yald\u0131zl\u0131 sloganlar\u0131n arkas\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131narak ve Avrupa’daki Siyonist Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n ajan\u0131 gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n i\u00e7ten y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran ve \u0130srail’in kurulu\u015funa zemin haz\u0131rlayan J\u00d6NT\u00dcRK’lerin, \u0130TT\u0130HAT ve TERAKK\u0130’cilerin eleba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n hemen tamam\u0131 Yahudi as\u0131ll\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun en a\u00e7\u0131k ve kesin ispat\u0131 ise ALLIANCE […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[262],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haziran-2022"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11178"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11178\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}