\u00a0<\/p>\n
T\u00dcM OSMANLI PAD\u0130\u015eAHLARI VE FARKLI VASIFLARI (1)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihinde e\u015fine az rastlan\u0131r bir cihan devletini ve \u0130slam Medeniyetini kurmay\u0131 ve alt\u0131 as\u0131rdan fazla \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131tada adaletle h\u00fck\u00fcmran olmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f \u015eanl\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131saca anlatmakta fayda vard\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk tarihinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra d\u00fcnya tarihinde de b\u00fcy\u00fck yer kaplayan Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc 1200’l\u00fc y\u0131llara dayan\u0131r. Do\u011fu’dan Bat\u0131’ya Kuzey’den G\u00fcney’e do\u011fru Asya, Avrupa ve Afrika’ya ula\u015fan Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin padi\u015fah listesi de olduk\u00e7a kabar\u0131kt\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131 s\u0131ralamas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin kurucusu Osman Gazi ile ba\u015flay\u0131p, padi\u015fah VI. Mehmed veya di\u011fer ad\u0131yla Sultan Vahdettin ile son bulmaktad\u0131r. Y\u00fckselmeden sonraki da\u011f\u0131lma d\u00f6nemine kadar s\u00fcrekli geni\u015fleyen Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n soy a\u011fac\u0131 olduk\u00e7a uzun say\u0131l\u0131r. Uzun ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip olmas\u0131 nedeniyle s\u0131ras\u0131yla <\/span><\/strong>kurulu\u015f, y\u00fckselme, gerileme ve da\u011f\u0131lma d\u00f6nemi<\/span><\/em><\/strong> olarak tarihe yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk ve d\u00fcnya tarihinde \u00f6nemli imparatorluklar aras\u0131nda yer alan Osmanl\u0131 Devleti 624 y\u0131l h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1299 y\u0131l\u0131nda O\u011fuz T\u00fcrklerinden Osman Gazi taraf\u0131ndan S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct’te kurulmu\u015ftur. Kurucusu ve ilk padi\u015fah Osman Gazi iken son Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 Sultan Vahdettin olmu\u015ftur. 1453 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fatih Sultan Mehmet’in Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na son vermesiyle imparatorluk haline gelmi\u015ftir. Toplamda 36 padi\u015fah Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ni y\u00f6netmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n S\u0131ras\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fahlar\u0131 \u015eunlard\u0131r:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n 1- Osman Gazi (1299-1326), 2- Orhan Gazi (1326-1359), 3- I. Murad (1359-1389), 4- I. Bayezid (Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid) (1389-1402), 5- I. Mehmed (1413-1421), 6- II. Murad (1421-1451), 7- Fatih Sultan Mehmed (1451-1481), 8- II. Bayezid (1481-1512), 9- Yavuz Sultan Selim (1512-1520), 10- Kanun\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman (1520-1566), 11- II. Selim (1566-1574), 12- III. Murad (1574-1595), 13- III. Mehmed (1595-1603), 14- I. Ahmed (1603-1617), 15- I. Mustafa (1617-1618 \/ 1622-1623), 16- Gen\u00e7 Osman (1618-1622), 17- IV. Murad (1623-1640), 18- \u0130brahim (1640-1648), 19- IV. Mehmed (1648-1687), 20- II. S\u00fcleyman (1687-1691), 21- II. Ahmed (1691-1695), 22- II. Mustafa (1695-1703), 23- III. Ahmed (1703-1730), 24- I. Mahmud (1730-1754), 25- III. Osman (1754-1757), 26- III. Mustafa (1757-1774), 27- I. Abd\u00fclhamid (1774-1789), 28- III. Selim (1789-1807), 29- IV. Mustafa (1807-1808), 30- II. Mahmud (1808-1839), 31- Abd\u00fclmecid (1839-1861), 32- Abd\u00fclaziz (1861-1876), 33- V. Murad (30 May\u0131s 1876-31 A\u011fustos 1876), 34- II. Abd\u00fclhamid (1876-1909), 35- Mehmed Re\u015fad (1909-1918), 36- Mehmed Vahdeddin (1918-1922)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Osman Gazi (1299-1326)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Hem iyice zay\u0131flayan ve la\u00e7kala\u015fan Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti’nin i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i komutanlar\u0131yla… Hem kendi ailesi ve yak\u0131n T\u00fcrk beyleri i\u00e7erisindeki f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131 fesat\u00e7\u0131larla… Hem Ha\u00e7l\u0131 tekfurlarla, hem vah\u015fi ve zalim Mo\u011follarla ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ve y\u0131llarca ak\u0131lc\u0131 ve kararl\u0131 bir m\u00fccadeleden sonra Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ni kuran ve as\u0131rlard\u0131r hay\u0131rla ve hayranl\u0131kla an\u0131lmay\u0131 hak kazanan kutlu bir kahramand\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin kurucusu olan Osman Gazi, 1258’de, S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct’te do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Ertu\u011frul Gazi, Annesi Halime Hatun’dur. Osman Gazi, uzun boylu, yuvarlak y\u00fczl\u00fc, esmer tenli, ela g\u00f6zl\u00fc ve kal\u0131n ka\u015fl\u0131yd\u0131. Omuzlar\u0131 aras\u0131 olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f, v\u00fccudunun belden yukar\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131na oranla daha uzundu. Ba\u015f\u0131na k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7uhadan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00c7a\u011fatay tarz\u0131nda Horasan tac\u0131 giyerdi. \u0130\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f elbiseleri geni\u015f yenliydi. Osman Gazi de\u011ferli bir devlet adam\u0131yd\u0131. D\u00fcr\u00fcst, tedbirli, cesur, c\u00f6mert ve adalet sahibiydi. Fakirlere yedirip, onlar\u0131 giydirmeyi \u00e7ok severdi. \u00dczerindeki elbiseye kim biraz dikkatlice baksa, hemen \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p ona hediye ederdi. Her ikindi vakti, evinde kim varsa onlara ziyafet verirdi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Osman Gazi, 1281 y\u0131l\u0131nda S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct’te, Kay\u0131 Boyu’nun y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7ti\u011finde hen\u00fcz 23 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131. Ata binmekte, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 kullanmakta ve sava\u015fmakta \u00e7ok ustayd\u0131. Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n manevi mimarlar\u0131ndan G\u00f6n\u00fcl Sultan\u0131 \u015eeyh Edebal\u0131’n\u0131n damad\u0131yd\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan a\u015firetin ileri gelenlerinden, \u00d6mer Bey’in k\u0131z\u0131 Mal Hatun ile evlendi ve bu evlilikten ileride Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ecek olan o\u011flu Orhan Gazi do\u011fdu. S\u00f6g\u00fct’te temelleri at\u0131lan, alt\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k bir tarih diliminde ve \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131tada h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrecek olan Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin kurucusu b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fccahit Osman Gazi, 1326’da Bursa’da Nikris (goutte) hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00fcp bu d\u00fcnyadan ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Orhan Gazi (1326-1359)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Orhan Gazi, 1281 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Osman Gazi, annesi Kay\u0131 a\u015firetinin ileri gelenlerinden \u00d6mer Bey’in k\u0131z\u0131 Mal Hatun’du. Orhan Gazi, sar\u0131 sakall\u0131, uzunca boylu, mavi g\u00f6zl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Yumu\u015fak huylu, merhametli, fakir halk\u0131 seven, ulemaya h\u00fcrmetli, dindar, adalet sahibi, hesab\u0131n\u0131 bilen ve hi\u00e7bir zaman tela\u015fa kap\u0131lmayan, halka kendisini sevdirmi\u015f bir beydi. S\u0131k s\u0131k halk\u0131n aras\u0131na kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r, onlar\u0131 ziyaret etmekten \u00e7ok ho\u015flan\u0131rd\u0131. Orhan Gazi, Babas\u0131 Osman Gazi’nin 1326’da vefat\u0131 \u00fczerine beyli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. Orhan Gazi, 1346’da Bizans \u0130mparatoru VI. Yoannis Kantakuzenos’un k\u0131z\u0131 Teodora ile evlendi. Ayr\u0131ca, Yarhisar Tekfur’unun k\u0131z\u0131 Holofira, Bilecik tekfuruyla evlendirilirken, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bas\u0131l\u0131p Holofira esir al\u0131nd\u0131 ve Orhan Gazi ile evlendirildi. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olduktan sonra bu han\u0131m\u0131n ad\u0131 Nil\u00fcfer Hatun olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi; bu evlilikten, ileride Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 olacak Murad H\u00fcdavendig\u00e2r do\u011fmu\u015flard\u0131. Y\u00fcz kadar kaleye h\u00e2kim olan Orhan Gazi, zaman\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu bu kaleleri dola\u015farak ge\u00e7irirdi. Bir seyyah\u0131n dedi\u011fine g\u00f6re hi\u00e7bir \u015fehirde bir aydan fazla durmazd\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n I. Murad (1359-1389)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Sultan Birinci Murad, 1326’da, Bursa’da do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Orhan Gazi, annesi Bizans’a ba\u011fl\u0131 Yar Hisar Tekfuru’nun k\u0131z\u0131 olan Nil\u00fcfer Hatun’dur (Holofira). Sultan Birinci Murad, uzun boylu, de\u011firmi y\u00fczl\u00fc ve iri burunluydu. Kal\u0131n ve adaleli bir v\u00fccuda sahipti. Ba\u015f\u0131na mevlev\u00ee sikkesi \u00fczerine destar sar\u0131l\u0131 bir ba\u015fl\u0131k giyerdi. \u00c7ok sade giyinir ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 zeminli beyaz elbiseden ho\u015flan\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130lk e\u011fitimini, annesi Nil\u00fcfer Hatun’dan ald\u0131. Daha sonra tahsilini tamamlamak i\u00e7in Bursa’ya gitti. Buradaki Medreselerde ilim ve sanat adamlar\u0131 ile beraber \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Sultan Birinci Murad, gayet nazik, sevimli ve \u00e7ok halim selim bir insand\u0131. \u00c2lim ve sanatk\u00e2rlara h\u00fcrmet g\u00f6sterir, fakirlere ve kimsesizlere \u015fefkatli davran\u0131rd\u0131. D\u00e2hi bir asker ve devlet adam\u0131yd\u0131. “Dervi\u015f Gazilerinin, Ermi\u015f \u015eeyhlerinin Sultan\u0131 Murad Gazi<\/em>” diye an\u0131lan Sultan Birinci Murad, b\u00fct\u00fcn hayat\u0131 boyunca planl\u0131 ve programl\u0131 hareket etti. Sultan Birinci Murad, Bizans Kilisesi’ne g\u00f6re bir k\u00e2fir ve \u0130sa d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclse de, fethetti\u011fi yerlerde ya\u015fayan Hristiyan halka iyi davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in onlar\u0131n sevgisini kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1382 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren “Murad H\u00fcdavendig\u00e2r” diye an\u0131lan Sultan Birinci Murad, Birinci Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra sava\u015f alan\u0131n\u0131 gezerken, S\u0131rp Asilz\u00e2desi Milos Obravi\u00e7 (S\u0131rp Kral\u0131 Lazar’\u0131n damad\u0131) taraf\u0131ndan han\u00e7erlenerek \u015fehit olmu\u015flard\u0131 (1389).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n I. Bayezid – Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid (1389-1402)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid 1360 y\u0131l\u0131nda Edirne’de do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Murad H\u00fcdavendig\u00e2r, annesi G\u00fcl\u00e7i\u00e7ek Hatun’dur. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid yuvarlak y\u00fczl\u00fc, beyaz tenli, ko\u00e7 burunlu, el\u00e2 g\u00f6zl\u00fc, kumral sa\u00e7l\u0131, s\u0131k sakall\u0131 ve geni\u015f omuzluydu. Girdi\u011fi sava\u015flarda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi cesaretten ve \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 hareket etmesinden dolay\u0131 ona ‘Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m’ lakab\u0131 tak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ocuklu\u011funu Bursa Saray\u0131’nda karde\u015fleriyle birlikte ge\u00e7irdi. \u0130yi bir e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Devrin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e2limlerinden dersler ald\u0131. Gen\u00e7li\u011finde K\u00fctahya sanca\u011f\u0131nda valilik yapt\u0131. Sultan Murad H\u00fcdavendig\u00e2r’\u0131n vasiyeti gere\u011fi 1389 y\u0131l\u0131nda padi\u015fahl\u0131\u011fa getirildi. Tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 29 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n O s\u0131rada, S\u0131rbistan’\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6len Kral Lazar’\u0131n o\u011flu Stefan Lazarevi\u00e7 vard\u0131. Bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in geldi\u011fi Edirne’de k\u0131z karde\u015fi Maria’y\u0131 Bayezid’e nik\u00e2hlad\u0131. Bu evlenme sayesinde Osmanl\u0131-S\u0131rp dostlu\u011fu kuruldu. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid, Timur’la yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131’nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcven ve tedbirsizli\u011finin neticesi ve baz\u0131 beylerin ve destek birliklerinin h\u0131yaneti sebebiyle yenildi ve esir d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 13 y\u0131l s\u00fcren saltanat\u0131 sonunda esaretinin ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan 7 ay 12 g\u00fcn sonra vefat etti. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid \u015fiirlerinde “Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m” mahlas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rd\u0131. “Ehl-i hicrana fitne-i a\u011fyar \/ Ortada bir bahanedir sand\u0131m.” <\/em>Yani; “Vatan\u0131ndan ve yuvas\u0131ndan ayr\u0131l\u0131p esir tutulanlara, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n fitnesi ve hakareti \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015f; Ama ba\u015f\u0131ma gelmeden \u00f6nce bu t\u00fcr s\u0131zlanmalar\u0131 bir bahane san\u0131rd\u0131m<\/em>” dizeleri ona aittir.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n I. Mehmed (1413-1421)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Sultan \u00c7elebi Mehmed, 1389 y\u0131l\u0131nda Edirne’de do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid, annesi de Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131’ndan Devlet Hatun’dur. Orta boylu, yuvarlak y\u00fczl\u00fc, beyaz tenli, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 yanakl\u0131 ve geni\u015f g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Kuvvetli bir v\u00fccuda sahipti. Gayet hareketli ve cesurdu. G\u00fcre\u015f yapar ve \u00e7ok kuvvetli yay kiri\u015flerini bile \u00e7ekebilirdi. Padi\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcresince bizzat yirmi d\u00f6rt sava\u015fa kat\u0131lan \u00c7elebi Mehmed, bu sava\u015flarda k\u0131rka yak\u0131n yara ald\u0131. Ba\u015f\u0131nda kullanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu sar\u0131k, alt\u0131n i\u015flemeli kavu\u011fu ile gayet g\u00fczel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u0130\u00e7i k\u00fcrkl\u00fc ve yakas\u0131 dik olan bir kaftan giyinirdi. Sultan \u00c7elebi Mehmed M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldu\u011fu adaleti, ayn\u0131 zamanda Hristiyan topluluklara kar\u015f\u0131 da g\u00f6sterdi. \u0130yi bir idareci ve stratejistti. Tahsilini Bursa Saray\u0131’nda tamamlad\u0131. Daha sonra babas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Amasya sancak beyli\u011fine tayin edildi ve bu s\u0131rada devlet i\u015flerini \u00f6\u011frendi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Babas\u0131 Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid’in Timur’a yenilmesiyle ba\u015flayan Fetret Devri’nden sonra Anadolu’daki beylikleri tekrar bir araya toplamay\u0131 ba\u015faran Sultan \u00c7elebi Mehmed’e Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin ikinci kurucusu g\u00f6z\u00fcyle de bak\u0131labilir. Sultan \u00c7elebi Mehmed 26 May\u0131s 1421’de Edirne’de vefat etti. \u00d6l\u00fcm haberi gizlendi. Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc gizlenen ilk padi\u015fah o idi. Cenazesi Bursa’ya getirilerek Ye\u015fil T\u00fcrbe’ye defnedildi. \u00c7elebi Mehmed de avc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa merakl\u0131 birisiydi. Nitekim Edirne’de bir av partisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda yaban domuzu kovalarken attan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp vefat etti\u011fi bilinmektedir.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n II. Murad (1421-1451)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Sultan \u0130kinci Murad 1402 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 \u00c7elebi Mehmed, annesi Dulkadiro\u011fullar\u0131’ndan S\u00fcli Bey’in k\u0131z\u0131 Emine Hatun’dur. Uzun boylu, beyaz tenli, do\u011fan burunlu ve g\u00fczel y\u00fczl\u00fc bir Padi\u015faht\u0131. \u00c7ok g\u00fczel konu\u015furdu. Kendisinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck mutlulu\u011fu, Fatih Sultan Mehmed gibi e\u015fine az rastlanacak bir insan\u0131n Babas\u0131 olmakt\u0131. Sultan \u0130kinci Murad, sakin ve huzurlu bir hayat ya\u015famay\u0131 arzu eden, fakat gerekti\u011fi takdirde \u00e7ok hareketli, cesur ve hi\u00e7bir \u015feyden y\u0131lmayan bir ki\u015fili\u011fe sahipti. Avrupal\u0131lar, onun, istedi\u011fi takdirde b\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupa’y\u0131 fethedebilecek bir kimse oldu\u011funu kabul etmi\u015flerdi. Otuz y\u0131ll\u0131k saltanat\u0131 s\u00fcresince, \u00fclkesini \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fan ve \u015ferefle idare ederek, emri alt\u0131nda bulunan herkesin sevgisini kazanabildi. Dindar, \u00e2dil ve l\u00fctufk\u00e2r bir padi\u015fah idi. \u00c7ocuklu\u011fu Amasya’da ge\u00e7en Sultan \u0130kinci Murad, tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda on dokuz ya\u015f\u0131na yeni girmi\u015fti.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Fatih Sultan Mehmed (1451-1481)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Hz. Peygamberimizin (SAV): “Konstantin (\u0130stanbul) mutlaka fetholunacakt\u0131r. Onu alacak emir (sultan) ne g\u00fczel bir komutand\u0131r ve onun askeri ne g\u00fczel asker konumundad\u0131r”<\/em> m\u00fcjdesine mazhar olan Fatih Sultan Mehmed, 29 Mart 1432’de, Edirne’de do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Sultan \u0130kinci Murad, annesi Hum\u00e2 Hatun’dur. Fatih Sultan Mehmed, uzun boylu, dolgun yanakl\u0131, k\u0131vr\u0131k burunlu, adaleli ve kuvvetli bir yap\u0131ya sahipti. Devrinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e2limlerinden \u00e7ok iyi e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; yedi yabanc\u0131 dil bildi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir. \u00c2lim, \u015f\u00e2ir ve sanatk\u00e2rlar\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k toplar ve onlarla sohbet etmekten \u00e7ok ho\u015flan\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130lgin\u00e7 ve bilinmedik konular hakk\u0131nda makaleler yazd\u0131r\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131 incelerdi. Hocal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da yapm\u0131\u015f olan Ak\u015femseddin, Fatih Sultan Mehmed’in en \u00e7ok de\u011fer verdi\u011fi \u00e2limlerden biriydi. Fatih Sultan Mehmed, gayet so\u011fukkanl\u0131 ve cesurdu. E\u015fsiz bir komutan ve idareciydi. Yapaca\u011f\u0131 i\u015flerle ilgili olarak en yak\u0131nlar\u0131na bile hi\u00e7bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemezdi. Fatih Sultan Mehmed, okumay\u0131 \u00e7ok severdi. Fars\u00e7a ve Arap\u00e7aya \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olan felsef\u00ee eserleri okuyup incelerdi. 1466 y\u0131l\u0131nda Batlamyos Haritas\u0131’n\u0131 yeniden terc\u00fcme ettirip, haritadaki adlar\u0131 Arap harfleriyle yazd\u0131r\u0131verdi. Bilimsel sorunlarda, hangi din ve mezhebe mensup olursa olsun bilginleri korur onlar\u0131n eser vermesini te\u015fvik ederdi. Bilime b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem veren Fatih Sultan Mehmed, yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki b\u00fcy\u00fck bilginleri \u0130stanbul’a davet etti. Nitekim astronomi bilgini Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u, kendi d\u00f6neminde \u0130stanbul’a geldi. \u00dcnl\u00fc ressam Bellini’yi de \u0130stanbul’a davet ederek kendi resmini \u00e7izdirdi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Fatih Sultan Mehmed: “Ey Konstantiniyye; ya sen beni al\u0131rs\u0131n, ya ben seni al\u0131r\u0131m.”<\/em> diyerek kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015fti.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Fatih, Bizans el\u00e7isine: “\u0130mparatorunuza s\u00f6yleyin, \u015fimdiki Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 \u00f6ncekilere benzemez. Bizim g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlere sizin imparatorlu\u011funuzun hayalleri bile ula\u015famaz<\/em>.” diyecek bilge bir yi\u011fitti.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Fatih: “Yapmak istedi\u011fimi sakal\u0131m\u0131n bir teli bilseydi sakal\u0131m\u0131n o telini hemen kopar\u0131r yakard\u0131m”<\/em> diyecek kadar tedbirliydi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Fatih Sultan Mehmed, ilk padi\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar onun tecr\u00fcbesizli\u011finden yararlanmak isteyince, babas\u0131 II. Murad’a \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: “Baba e\u011fer padi\u015fah sizseniz, geliniz ve ordunun ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7iniz, yok e\u011fer padi\u015fah ben isem, size emrediyorum geliniz ve ordunun ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7iniz!”<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Fatih Sultan Mehmed, 1481 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k yapt\u0131 ve bizzat yirmi be\u015f sefere kat\u0131ld\u0131. Azim ve irade sahibiydi. Temkinli ve verdi\u011fi kararlar\u0131 kesinlikle uygulayan bir ki\u015fili\u011fi vard\u0131. Devlet y\u00f6netiminde olduk\u00e7a titiz ve dikkatli davran\u0131rd\u0131. Sava\u015flarda \u00e7ok cesur olur, bozgunu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ileri at\u0131larak askerlerine cesaret ve metanet kazand\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. 20 ya\u015f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 olan Sultan \u0130kinci Mehmed, \u0130stanbul’u fethedip 1100 y\u0131ll\u0131k Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nu ortadan kald\u0131rarak ‘Fatih’ unvan\u0131n\u0131 hak etmi\u015fti. Peygamberimiz Hz. Muhammed’in Hadis-i \u015eerifinde m\u00fcjdeledi\u011fi “<\/em><\/span><\/strong>\u0130stanbul’un fethini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren b\u00fcy\u00fck komutan”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>olmay\u0131 da ba\u015faran Fatih Sultan Mehmed, y\u00fcksek yetene\u011fi ve dehas\u0131yla dost ve d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kabul ettirmi\u015f bir Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 idi. Orta \u00c7a\u011f’\u0131 kapat\u0131p, Yeni \u00c7a\u011f’\u0131 a\u00e7an cihan h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Fatih Sultan Mehmed, nikris hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 tedavi g\u00f6r\u00fcrken, Yahudi as\u0131ll\u0131 doktoru Yakub’un \u00f6zel bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mla zehirlemesi sonucu 3 May\u0131s 1481 g\u00fcn\u00fc, Maltepe’de vefat etti ve Fatih Camii’nin yan\u0131ndaki Fatih T\u00fcrbesi’ne defnedildi. Onun Roma’y\u0131 da fethedece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle zehirlendi\u011fi \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklarda ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n II. Bayezid (Sofu) (1481-1512)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Sultan \u0130kinci Bayezid, 3 Aral\u0131k 1448’de, Dimetoka’da do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Fatih Sultan Mehmed, annesi M\u00fckrime Hatun ad\u0131nda bir T\u00fcrk k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. Uzun boylu, geni\u015f g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsl\u00fc ve kuvvetli bir v\u00fccuda sahipti. Y\u00fcz\u00fc yuvarlak ve g\u00f6zleri el\u00e2yd\u0131. Cesur ve at\u0131lgand\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7ok h\u00e2lim-selim, dindar, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc bir padi\u015faht\u0131. Babas\u0131 Fatih Sultan Mehmed ilme ilgi duydu\u011fu i\u00e7in, o\u011flu \u015eehzade Bayezid’e iyi bir e\u011fitim verdi. Ona devrin en me\u015fhur \u00e2limlerinden ders okutturdu, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130sl\u00e2m ilimlerini en iyi \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frenmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Sultan \u0130kinci Bayezid, yedi ya\u015f\u0131nda iken, Hadim Ali Pa\u015fa nezaretinde Amasya valili\u011fine tayin edildi. Amasya, Sel\u00e7uklular devrinden beri \u00f6nemli bir ilim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkeziydi. Padi\u015fah olacak \u015fehzadelerin yeti\u015fmesi i\u00e7in, bu vilayette b\u00fct\u00fcn imk\u00e2nlar vard\u0131. Sultan \u0130kinci Bayezid, dindar bir kimse oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kendisine Bayezid-i Vel\u00ee (Veli-Sofu Bayazid)<\/em> denildi. Sultan \u0130kinci Bayezid, \u015fairleri saraya toplar, onlarla sohbet ederdi. Merhametli bir padi\u015fah olan Sultan \u0130kinci Bayezid, s\u0131k s\u0131k fakirlere sadaka da\u011f\u0131t\u0131rd\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a’y\u0131 gayet iyi biliyordu. \u00c7a\u011fatay leh\u00e7esi ve Uygur alfabesini de \u00f6\u011frendi. \u0130sl\u00e2m ilimlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, matematik ve felsefe tahsili de yapt\u0131. 24 Nisan 1512’de y\u00f6netimde zafiyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ve fesat \u015febekelerinin cesaretlendi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle o\u011flu Yavuz Selim’in ve askerlerin bask\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine padi\u015fahl\u0131ktan ayr\u0131lmak zorunda kalan Sultan \u0130kinci Bayezid, bir ay kadar daha ya\u015fad\u0131 ve 26 May\u0131s 1512’de vefat etti.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Yavuz Sultan Selim (1512-1520)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Yavuz Sultan Selim, 10 Ekim 1470’de do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Sultan \u0130kinci Bayezid, annesi G\u00fclbahar Hatun’dur. G\u00fclbahar Hatun, Dulkadiro\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi’ndendir. Yavuz Sultan Selim, uzun boylu, geni\u015f omuzlu, kal\u0131n kemikli, omuzlar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131 geni\u015f, yuvarlak ba\u015fl\u0131, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fczl\u00fc, uzun b\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131 ve yi\u011fit bir padi\u015faht\u0131. Sert tabiatl\u0131 ve cesurdu ama adaletli bir padi\u015faht\u0131. \u0130yi bir e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Babas\u0131 Sultan \u0130kinci Bayezid, padi\u015fah olduktan sonra, askeri sevk ve devlet idarecili\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmesi i\u00e7in, \u015eehzade Selim’i Trabzon Sanca\u011f\u0131na vali olarak tayin etti. \u015eehzade Selim, Trabzon’da devlet i\u015flerinin yan\u0131nda, ilimle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e2lim Mevl\u00e2na Abd\u00fclhalim Efendi’nin derslerini takip ederdi. Trabzon’u \u00e7ok g\u00fczel idare eden \u015eehzade Selim bu arada kom\u015fu devletlerle de ilgilendi. Valili\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Trabzon halk\u0131n\u0131 rahat b\u0131rakmayan G\u00fcrc\u00fcler \u00fczerine \u00fc\u00e7 sefer yapt\u0131. En \u00f6nemlisi olan K\u00fctayis Seferinde Kars, Erzurum ve Artvin illeri ile bir\u00e7ok yeri fethederek Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na katt\u0131 (1508). Buralarda ya\u015fayan G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin hepsi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldular.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7ok g\u00fczel ata biner, devrin en me\u015fhur silah\u015f\u00f6rlerini alt edecek kadar iyi k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 kullan\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00fcre\u015fmekte, ok atmada ve yay \u00e7ekmede ustayd\u0131. Sava\u015ftan ho\u015flanmakla beraber \u00e7ok ince bir ruha da sahipti. M\u00fctevaz\u0131 bir ki\u015fili\u011fi olan Yavuz Sultan Selim, her \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn yemekte tek \u00e7e\u015fit yemek yerdi ve a\u011fa\u00e7tan tabaklar kullan\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00f6steri\u015ften ho\u015flanmaz, devlet mal\u0131n\u0131 israf etmezdi. Babas\u0131ndan devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tatmink\u00e2r hazineyi a\u011fz\u0131na kadar doldurdu. Hazinenin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fch\u00fcrledikten sonra, \u015f\u00f6yle vasiyet etti: “Benim alt\u0131nla doldurdu\u011fum hazineyi, torunlar\u0131mdan her kim doldurabilirse kendi m\u00fchr\u00fc ile m\u00fch\u00fcrlesin, aksi halde Hazine-i H\u00fcmay\u00fbn benim m\u00fchr\u00fcmle m\u00fch\u00fcrlensin” <\/em>Bu vasiyet tutuldu. O tarihten sonra gelen padi\u015fahlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri hazineyi dolduramad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, hazinenin kap\u0131s\u0131 daima Yavuz’un m\u00fchr\u00fcyle m\u00fch\u00fcrlendi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Yavuz Sultan Selim; “Devletleri y\u0131kan t\u00fcm hatalar\u0131n alt\u0131nda, nice gururun gafleti yatar”,<\/em> “Bu d\u00fcnya 1 padi\u015fah i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck, 2 padi\u015fah i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr.”<\/em> diyebilen bir b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fahsiyetti. Geceleri yaln\u0131zca 3-4 saat uyuyan Yavuz Sultan Selim, di\u011fer zaman\u0131nda ise bol bol okuyup yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinirdi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Yavuz Sultan Selim, atalar\u0131 hep sakal uzatt\u0131klar\u0131 halde sakal\u0131n\u0131 keserdi. Bunun sebebini soranlara: “Sakal\u0131m\u0131 ele vermemek i\u00e7in kesiyorum”<\/em> dedi\u011fi rivayet edilir. 22 Eyl\u00fcl 1520’de, “Aslan Pen\u00e7esi” denilen bir \u00e7\u0131ban y\u00fcz\u00fcnden hen\u00fcz elli ya\u015f\u0131nda iken vefat etti. Hayat\u0131n\u0131n son dakikalar\u0131nda Yasin-i \u015eerif tilavet etmekteydi. Kan\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman, Fatih Camii’nde babas\u0131n\u0131n cenaze namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, onu Sultan Selim Camii avlusundaki t\u00fcrbeye defnettirdi. Tarih\u00e7iler, Yavuz Sultan Selim’i, sekiz y\u0131la seksen y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u015f s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir padi\u015fah olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015flerdi. Yavuz Selim’in 8 y\u0131ll\u0131k padi\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131; saray\u0131ndan, saltanat\u0131ndan ve istirahatinden uzak at s\u0131rt\u0131nda ve cihat meydanlar\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Aziz Milletimizin ve \u0130slam \u00dcmmetinin do\u011fru itikat ve istikamet \u00fczerinde, birlik ve dirlik i\u00e7erisinde huzurlu bir hayat s\u00fcrmeleri i\u00e7in var g\u00fcc\u00fcyle m\u00fccadele etmi\u015f, \u015eiilik inanc\u0131n\u0131 siyasi i\u015fgallerine alet eden \u0130ranl\u0131 Safevi \u015eah \u0130smail’in planlar\u0131n\u0131 bozuvermi\u015fti. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Kanun\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman (1520-1566)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Kan\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman, 27 Nisan 1495 Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc, Trabzon’da do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Yavuz Sultan Selim, annesi Hafsa Hatun’dur. Hafsa Hatun T\u00fcrk ya da \u00c7erkezdir. Kan\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman, yuvarlak y\u00fczl\u00fc, el\u00e2 g\u00f6zl\u00fc, geni\u015f al\u0131nl\u0131, uzun boylu ve seyrek sakall\u0131yd\u0131. Kan\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman d\u00f6nemi, T\u00fcrk h\u00e2kimiyetinin doruk noktas\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhte\u015fem bir devir olmaktad\u0131r. Babas\u0131 Yavuz Sultan Selim, onu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flardan itibaren \u00e7ok titiz bir \u015fekilde yeti\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir terbiye ve tahsil ald\u0131. \u0130lk e\u011fitimini annesinden ve ninesi G\u00fclbahar Hatun’dan (Yavuz Sultan Selim’in annesi) ald\u0131. Yedi ya\u015f\u0131na gelince tahsil i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul’a, dedesi Sultan \u0130kinci Bayezid’in yan\u0131na yolland\u0131; \u015eehzade S\u00fcleyman, burada Karak\u0131zo\u011flu Hayreddin H\u0131z\u0131r Efendi’den tarih, fen, edebiyat ve din dersleri al\u0131rken, sava\u015f teknikleri konusunda da e\u011fitim ald\u0131. On be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131na kadar babas\u0131 Yavuz Sultan Selim’in yan\u0131nda kalan \u015eehzade S\u00fcleyman, kanunlar gere\u011fi sancak istemesi \u00fczerine, \u00f6nce \u015eark\u00ee Karahisar’a oradan da Bolu, k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra da Kefe sancak beyli\u011fine g\u00f6revli k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131 (1509). Yavuz Sultan Selim’in, 1512’de tahta ge\u00e7mesi \u00fczerine \u0130stanbul’a \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lan \u015eehzade S\u00fcleyman, babas\u0131n\u0131n karde\u015fleriyle m\u00fccadeleleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul’da kalarak babas\u0131na vek\u00e2let etti ve arka \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada Saruhan sancakbeyli\u011finde de bulundu. Babas\u0131 Yavuz Sultan Selim’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine, 30 Eyl\u00fcl 1520’de, yirmi be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndayken Osmanl\u0131 taht\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. Kendisinden ba\u015fka erkek karde\u015fi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tahta ge\u00e7i\u015fi kolay ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z oldu. \u00c7ok ciddi ve kendinden emin bir padi\u015fah olan Kan\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman, azim ve irade sahibiydi. Yapaca\u011f\u0131 i\u015flerde hi\u00e7 acele etmez, gayet geni\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ve verdi\u011fi emirden asla geri d\u00f6nmezdi. \u0130\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na getirece\u011fi adamlara, kabiliyet derecelerine ve liyakatlerine g\u00f6re g\u00f6rev verirdi. Sigetvar ku\u015fatmas\u0131n\u0131 idare ederken, 7 Eyl\u00fcl 1566 y\u0131l\u0131nda yetmi\u015f bir ya\u015f\u0131nda vefat etti. Kendisine “Kan\u00fbn\u00ee” denmesi, yeni kanunlar icat etmesinden de\u011fil, mevcut kanunlar\u0131 yazd\u0131rt\u0131p \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tatbik etmesinden dolay\u0131d\u0131r. Kan\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman, adaleti seven bir padi\u015faht\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r’dan gelen vergiyi haddinden fazla bulup, yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonunda halk\u0131n zulme u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi ve M\u0131s\u0131r Valisini de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi bunun a\u00e7\u0131k kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Kanuni, kararlar\u0131n\u0131n ve icraatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slam’\u0131n adalet esaslar\u0131na uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, devrin \u015feyh\u00fclislamlar\u0131 olan Zenbilli Ali Efendi ve Ebussuud Efendi gibi ulemaya ve Yahya Efendi gibi Allah dostlar\u0131na sorar, onlar\u0131n tenkit ve tekliflerini hesaba katarak davran\u0131rd\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Kan\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman, tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada Osmanl\u0131 Devleti d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin ve en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devleti konumundayd\u0131. Babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve kendisinin padi\u015fah olmas\u0131, “Arslan \u00f6ld\u00fc, yerine kuzu ge\u00e7ti” diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131 sevindiriyordu. Ancak Avrupal\u0131lar, \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131lar. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir devlet adam\u0131 olan Kan\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcnl\u00fc bir \u015fairdi. Me\u015fhur \u015fiirlerinden birisi \u015fudur:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n “Halk i\u00e7inde muteber bir nesne yok devlet gibi,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Olmaya devlet cihanda, bir nefes s\u0131hhat gibi.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Saltanat dedikleri bir cihan kavgas\u0131d\u0131r,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Olmaya baht \u00fc saadet, d\u00fcnyada vahdet gibi”<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Yani: “\u0130nsanlar nazar\u0131nda, Padi\u015fahl\u0131k, Sultanl\u0131k, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k, Komutanl\u0131k ve y\u00fcksek b\u00fcrokratl\u0131k olduk\u00e7a itibar olunan ve arzulanan \u015feylerdir. Oysa b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri, insan\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k ve afiyet i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131 kadar \u00f6nemli ve de\u011ferli de\u011fildir.”<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en \u015f\u0131k giyinenlerinden olan Kan\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcne \u00f6nem verirdi. M\u00fccevherlere olan ilgisi s\u00f6ylenirdi. Babas\u0131 gibi o da kuyumculu\u011fa merakl\u0131 birisiydi. Kan\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman; “Bug\u00fcn yabanc\u0131lardan para alan, yar\u0131n emir al\u0131r.”<\/em> demi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n II. Selim (1566-1574)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Sultan \u0130kinci Selim, 28 May\u0131s 1524’te, \u0130stanbul’da do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Kan\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman, annesi H\u00fcrrem Sultan’d\u0131r. H\u00fcrrem Sultan, Slav k\u00f6kenlidir. Sultan \u0130kinci Selim, orta boylu, a\u00e7\u0131k al\u0131nl\u0131, mavi g\u00f6zl\u00fc, ince ka\u015fl\u0131 ve sar\u0131\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. \u015eehzadeli\u011finde m\u00fckemmel bir tahsil ve terbiye ile yeti\u015ftirildi. Devlet idaresini iyice \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in de Anadolu’nun \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde sancakbeyli\u011fi yapt\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada tahsiline devam ederek, ilim ve tecr\u00fcbesini artt\u0131rd\u0131. “<\/span><\/strong>Sar\u0131 Selim<\/span><\/em><\/strong>” olarak da an\u0131lan \u0130kinci Selim, K\u00fctahya sancakbeyi iken babas\u0131 Cihan Padi\u015fah\u0131 Kan\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman’\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm haberi \u00fczerine \u0130stanbul’a gelerek 30 Eyl\u00fcl 1566 g\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131rk iki ya\u015f\u0131nda tahta ge\u00e7ti. Sar\u0131 Selim, daha \u00f6nceki Osmanl\u0131 sultanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re silik ve zay\u0131f bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olarak bilinirdi. Babas\u0131n\u0131n saltanat\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda di\u011fer karde\u015fleri \u015eehzade Bayezid ve \u015eehzade Mustafa’n\u0131n bertaraf edilmesiyle kolayca tahta ge\u00e7en Sultan \u0130kinci Selim, ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 dedesi Yavuz Sultan Selim ve Babas\u0131 Kan\u00fbn\u00ee’ye g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a zay\u0131f bir idare sergilemi\u015ftir. Devrin b\u00fcy\u00fck devlet adamlar\u0131 sayesinde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ihti\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, Sokullu Mehmed Pa\u015fa gibi dirayetli ve tecr\u00fcbeli vezirler h\u00fck\u00fbmeti ayakta tutmu\u015flard\u0131r. Sultan \u0130kinci Selim’in kendisi hi\u00e7 sefere \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015f ve liyakatl\u0131 olmayan Ali Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n Kaptan-\u0131 Deryal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130nebaht\u0131 facias\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sekiz y\u0131l padi\u015fahl\u0131k yapt\u0131ktan sonra 15 Aral\u0131k 1574 g\u00fcn\u00fc vefat edip ahirete u\u011furlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayasofya’ya defnedilen Sultan \u0130kinci Selim, \u0130stanbul’da \u00f6len ilk Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Sultan \u0130kinci Selim’in tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk y\u0131llarda, baz\u0131 siyas\u00ee \u00e7eki\u015fmeler ya\u015fand\u0131. Sokullu Mehmed Pa\u015fa bu \u00e7eki\u015fmelerden galip olarak ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve on be\u015f y\u0131l sadrazaml\u0131k yapt\u0131. Sadrazaml\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde devlet y\u00f6netimine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koydu. Sultan \u0130kinci Selim, babas\u0131 Kan\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman’dan 14.892.000 km2<\/sup> olarak devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131 devlet topraklar\u0131n\u0131, o\u011flu Sultan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Murad’a 15.162.151 km2<\/sup> olarak b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani her \u015feye ra\u011fmen onun d\u00f6neminde Osmanl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Edirne’deki Selimiye Camii \u015faheserini, 1569-1575 aras\u0131 Mimar Sinan’a yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130kinci Selim de \u015fair h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlardand\u0131. \u015eaheser beyitlerinden biri \u015fudur:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n “Biz b\u00fclb\u00fcl-i muhrik-i dem-i \u015fekvayi firak\u0131z<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Ate\u015f kesilir ge\u00e7se, saba g\u00fcl\u015fenimizden”<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Yani; “Biz, ayr\u0131l\u0131k ve hasret \u015fik\u00e2yetinden dolay\u0131, nefesi ve inlemesi, \u00e7evresini yak\u0131p kavuran b\u00fclb\u00fcl gibiyiz. \u00d6yle ki, g\u00fcl bah\u00e7emizden, serin ve tatl\u0131 saba meltemi bile ge\u00e7se, \u0131s\u0131n\u0131p ate\u015f kesilir…”<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n III. Murad (1574-1595)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Sultan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Murad, 4 Temmuz 1546 g\u00fcn\u00fc, Manisa’n\u0131n Bozda\u011f Yaylas\u0131’nda d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Babas\u0131, Sultan \u0130kinci Selim, annesi Afife Nur Banu Sultan’d\u0131r. Annesi aslen Venedikli’dir. Sultan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Murad orta boylu, de\u011firmi y\u00fczl\u00fc, kumral sakall\u0131, el\u00e2 g\u00f6zl\u00fc ve beyaz tenli bir padi\u015faht\u0131. \u00c7ok c\u00f6mertti ve insanlara yard\u0131m etmeyi \u00e7ok severdi. Merhametli bir ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip olan Sultan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Murad, Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7ay\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi derecede \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015fti. Babas\u0131n\u0131n 1558 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Manisa sancak beyli\u011finden Karaman valili\u011fine tayin edilmesi \u00fczerine, dedesi Kan\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman taraf\u0131ndan Ala\u015fehir sancak beyli\u011fine tayin edildi. Babas\u0131 Sultan \u0130kinci Selim, padi\u015fah olduktan sonra da tekrar Manisa sancak beyli\u011fine getirildi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u015eehzadeli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu Manisa’da devrin en de\u011ferli \u00e2limlerinin derslerine devam etti. Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fahlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde en \u00e2lim padi\u015fahlardan birisidir. Babas\u0131 Sultan \u0130kinci Selim’in vefat\u0131 \u00fczerine Manisa’dan \u0130stanbul’a gelerek, 22 Aral\u0131k 1574 tarihinde tahta ge\u00e7ti. Ancak o da babas\u0131 Sultan \u0130kinci Selim gibi devlet i\u015fleriyle fazla ilgilenmedi. B\u00fcrokrasi ve h\u00fck\u00fbmet daha ziyade Sokullu Mehmed Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan idare edildi. Bunda Sokullu’nun tecr\u00fcbe ve dirayeti ile Sultan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Murad’\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan idare tarz\u0131 ve dolayl\u0131 y\u00f6netme anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sultan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Murad, saltanat\u0131 boyunca \u0130stanbul’dan hi\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131 ve maalesef bazen saraydaki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n etkisinde kald\u0131. Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin bir devrini etkileyecek olan kad\u0131nlar saltanat\u0131 onun devrinde ba\u015flad\u0131. 29 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahtta yirmi y\u0131l kalan Sultan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Murad 16 Ocak 1595 tarihinde fel\u00e7 ge\u00e7irdi ve vefat etti. Ayasofya Camii’nin avlusuna defnedildi. III. Murad’\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131ndan neredeyse hi\u00e7 “Hay\u0131r” s\u00f6z\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kmazd\u0131 ve her \u015feye “Evet” derdi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Sokullu Mehmed Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissettirdi\u011fi III. Murad d\u00f6neminde, Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 en geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na gelmi\u015fti. Babas\u0131 \u0130kinci Selim’den devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131 15.162.151 km2<\/sup> \u00fclke topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131, 19.902.000 km2<\/sup>’ye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131verdi. \u0130ngilizlerle de dost\u00e2ne ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirildi. \u0130lk \u0130ngiliz daim\u00ee el\u00e7isi onun zaman\u0131nda g\u00f6nderildi. Papa’n\u0131n Katolik Avrupa’da kurabilece\u011fi ha\u00e7l\u0131 ittifak\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Protestan \u0130ngiltere ile ili\u015fkilere \u00f6nem verdi. Daha sonra bu ittifaka, Hollanda da dahil edildi. Devlet i\u015flerini genellikle Sokullu’ya devreden Sultan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Murad zaman\u0131nda sarayda kad\u0131nlar devlet i\u015flerine \u00e7ok\u00e7a kar\u0131\u015fmaya y\u00f6neldi ve bu durum, Sokullu’nun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra daha da artarak devam etti.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n III. Mehmed (1595-1603)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Sultan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Mehmed, 26 May\u0131s 1566’da, Manisa’da do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Sultan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Murad, annesi Safiye Sultan’d\u0131r. \u0130smini, Fatih Sultan Mehmed’e benzemesi i\u00e7in, b\u00fcy\u00fck dedesi Kan\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman koydu. Orta boylu, kumral sa\u00e7l\u0131 ve g\u00fczel y\u00fczl\u00fcyd\u00fc. \u0130yi bir ilim tahsili yapt\u0131 ve T\u00e2c\u00fc’t-Tev\u00e2rih yazar\u0131 Hoca Sadeddin Efendi’den dersler ald\u0131. Sultan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Mehmed, 1583’te Manisa sancak beyli\u011fine atand\u0131. 1595 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131na kadar g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Manisa’dan, Babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm haberi \u00fczerine hareket ederek, 27 Ocak 1595 tarihinde geldi\u011fi \u0130stanbul’da, Osmanl\u0131 taht\u0131na ge\u00e7ip y\u00f6netimi devrald\u0131. Sultan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Mehmed, annesini \u00e7ok sever, sayar ve emrinden \u00e7\u0131kmazd\u0131. Bundan yararlanan annesi Safiye Sultan, Osmanl\u0131 saray\u0131nda h\u00e2kimiyet kurmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Baz\u0131 konularda Padi\u015fah\u0131 zorlay\u0131p istedi\u011fini yapt\u0131r\u0131yor, bu da devlet i\u015flerinde kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klara sebep oluyordu. Sultan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Mehmed dindar olup, tasavvufa da son derece merakl\u0131yd\u0131. Peygamber Efendimiz Hz. Muhammed’in ismi an\u0131l\u0131nca, sayg\u0131s\u0131ndan derhal aya\u011fa kalkard\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Mehmed devri, duraklama d\u00f6nemine rastlamaktad\u0131r. Sultan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Mehmed, kolayca \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcye kap\u0131l\u0131r, yemekten, i\u00e7mekten kesilip kal\u0131rd\u0131. Anadolu’da \u00e7\u0131kan \u015eii-Alevi, Cel\u00e2l\u00ee isyanlar\u0131 ve \u0130ran sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcrmesi onu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u00e7inde b\u0131rak\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130\u00e7kiyi s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yasaklay\u0131p, b\u00fct\u00fcn gizli meyhaneleri kapatt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n I. Ahmed (1603-1617)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Sultan Birinci Ahmed, 18 Nisan 1590 g\u00fcn\u00fc, Manisa’da do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Sultan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Mehmed, annesi Handan Sultan’d\u0131r. \u0130yi bir tahsil g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7ay\u0131 m\u00fckemmel derecede \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015fti. Ok atmak, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 kullanmak, ata binmek gibi sava\u015f ve askerlik alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7ok usta olan Sultan Birinci Ahmed, ava ve cirit oyununa \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnd\u00fc. \u00c7ok sade giyinirdi. Babas\u0131 Sultan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Mehmed’in vefat\u0131 \u00fczerine 21 Aral\u0131k 1603’te, Ey\u00fcb Sultan’da k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ku\u015fanarak tahta ge\u00e7ti. Sultan Birinci Ahmed, Kan\u00fbn\u00ee Sultan S\u00fcleyman’dan sonraki padi\u015fahlar i\u00e7inde devlet i\u015fleriyle yo\u011fun \u015fekilde u\u011fra\u015fan ilk padi\u015faht\u0131. \u00c7ocuk denecek ya\u015flarda bile m\u00fckemmel kararlar al\u0131rd\u0131. Daima ilim ve irfan sahibi b\u00fcy\u00fck ki\u015filerle birlikte olur ve onlara ak\u0131l dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Sultan Birinci Ahmed’in hayat\u0131nda on d\u00f6rt say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir yeri vard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, on d\u00f6rt ya\u015f\u0131nda Padi\u015fah olmu\u015f, on d\u00f6rt y\u0131l saltanat s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n on d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u0130stanbul’daki me\u015fhur ve muhte\u015fem Sultanahmet Camii’ni, 1. Ahmed, Mimar Sedefk\u00e2r Mehmet A\u011fa’ya yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (1609-1616)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Dindar bir padi\u015fah olan Sultan Birinci Ahmed’in Hz. Muhammed’e olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 o kadar ilerledi ki, O’nun ayak izlerinin resmi i\u00e7ine bir \u015fiir yazm\u0131\u015f ve o \u015fiiri kavu\u011funda \u00f6l\u00fcnceye kadar ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O \u015fiir \u015fudur:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n “N’ola t\u00e2c\u0131m gibi ba\u015f\u0131mda ta\u015f\u0131sam d\u00e2im,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Kadem-i resmini ol Hazreti \u015e\u00e2h-\u0131 Res\u00fbl\u00fcn…<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcl-i g\u00fclz\u00e2r\u0131 n\u00fcb\u00fcvvet, o kadem sahibidir kim,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Ahmed durma y\u00fcz\u00fcn s\u00fcr, kademine ol g\u00fcl\u00fcn”<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Yani; “Ke\u015fke ta\u00e7 gibi, s\u00fcrekli ba\u015f\u0131mda ta\u015f\u0131sam, Hz. Peygamberin ayak izinin resmini, ki o kutlu aya\u011f\u0131n sahibi peygamberler bah\u00e7esinin se\u00e7kin g\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr!”<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Sultan Birinci Ahmed, yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tif\u00fcs hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kurtulamayarak 21 Kas\u0131m’\u0131 22 Kas\u0131m’a ba\u011flayan gece 1617 y\u0131l\u0131nda yirmi sekiz ya\u015f\u0131nda vefat etti.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n