\u00a0<\/p>\n
3. D\u00dcNYA SAVA\u015eI KIVILCIMLARI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n VE<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00dcRK\u0130YE’DEK\u0130 ABD \u00dcSLER\u0130N\u0130N AMACI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n 3. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 Ba\u015flad\u0131 m\u0131? <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Rusya’n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Moskova’da bulunan Kremlin Saray\u0131 \u00e7evresine hava savunma sistemi kuruldu\u011fu konu\u015fulmaktayd\u0131. Gerek Ukrayna ile girdi\u011fi sava\u015f s\u00fcreci gerek \u00fclke ekonomisinin k\u00f6t\u00fcye gidi\u015fi, Rusya Lideri Vladimir Putin’i tedirgin etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. D\u00fcnyay\u0131, n\u00fckleer silah kullanmak ile tehdit eden Kremlin y\u00f6netimi; olas\u0131 bir 3. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kma ihtimaline kar\u015f\u0131, yan\u0131na \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkeler ile kutupla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 kesimleri tetikleme gayreti g\u00f6sterirken; Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131’nda en b\u00fcy\u00fck darbeyi, arkas\u0131nda olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ancak gerekli deste\u011fi g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi \u00c7in’den alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Zaman zaman kendi \u00fclkesinde de g\u00fcvenlik tedbirleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ortadan kaybolan Putin’in, \u015fimdi ise “ad\u0131m ad\u0131m d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131na haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor” s\u00f6ylentileri kulaktan kula\u011fa yay\u0131lmas\u0131 tedirginli\u011fe yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6yle ki; Rus Hava Kuvvetlerinde g\u00f6revli Mi-8 kargo helikopterleri Kremlin Saray\u0131’na \u00e7ok say\u0131da askeri envanter ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6lge kaynaklar\u0131ndan al\u0131nan ancak resmi a\u011f\u0131zlardan do\u011frulanmayan bilgilere g\u00f6re Putin, Kremlin’i hava savunma sistemleri ile donatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6te yandan Rus parlamentosunun alt kanad\u0131 Duma, Rus ordusuna kat\u0131lmamak i\u00e7in \u00fclkeyi terk eden Rus vatanda\u015flar\u0131na farkl\u0131 bir vergi sistemi uygulanmas\u0131 konusunda mutabakata varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[1]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Rusya’dan \u0130ntikam Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Rusya Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ukrayna’n\u0131n do\u011fusuna intikam sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczenlendi\u011fini ve sald\u0131r\u0131da 600’den fazla Ukrayna askerinin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131… Di\u011fer yandan, Rusya, Ukrayna’n\u0131n bombard\u0131man\u0131na ra\u011fmen Rus ordusunun Ortodoks Noel’i nedeniyle ilan edilen ate\u015fkese uymaya devam edece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ukrayna Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Volodimir Zelenski ise Rusya’y\u0131, Ortodokslar\u0131n Noel bayram\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ilan etti\u011fi 36 saatlik ate\u015fkes s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ukrayna’ya sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenlemekle su\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Rusya’n\u0131n, Ukrayna’n\u0131n Kramatorsk kentine d\u00fczenledikleri f\u00fcze sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda 600’den fazla Ukrayna askerinin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 Ukrayna taraf\u0131ndan yalanlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kramatorsk Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Oleksandr Honcharenko, sosyal medya hesab\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada; Rus sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131nda okullar\u0131n hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu sald\u0131r\u0131larda can kayb\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, “Rusya’n\u0131n gece boyunca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi f\u00fcze sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131nda 2 okul, 8 apartman ve 1 otoparkta hasar olu\u015ftu. Hi\u00e7bir can kayb\u0131 olmad\u0131” ifadesini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Rusya Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131, Ukrayna’daki Birliklerin Ba\u015f\u0131na Atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Rusya Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Valeri Gerasimov, Ukrayna’daki “\u00f6zel askeri operasyondan” sorumlu M\u00fc\u015fterek Askeri Kuvvetler’in ba\u015f\u0131na atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Rusya Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’ndan yap\u0131lan yaz\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, Rus ordusunun Ukrayna’ya y\u00f6nelik komuta kademesinde de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Valeri Gerasimov’un M\u00fc\u015fterek Askeri Kuvvetler’in ba\u015f\u0131na getirildi\u011fi bilgisine yer verilen a\u00e7\u0131klamada, M\u00fc\u015fterek Askeri Kuvvetler’in \u00f6nceki komutan\u0131 ve Hava-Uzay Kuvvetleri Komutan\u0131 Sergey Surovikin’in ise Gerasimov’un yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revini y\u00fcr\u00fctece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00d6zel askeri operasyondan sorumlu komuta kademesindeki seviyenin, operasyon kapsam\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen g\u00f6revlerin geni\u015fletilmesi nedeniyle y\u00fckseltildi\u011finin vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, “De\u011fi\u015fiklikler, Rus ordusunun birimleri aras\u0131ndaki etkile\u015fiminin daha yak\u0131n bir \u015fekilde organize edilmesi, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc deste\u011fin kalitesinde ve birliklerin y\u00f6netiminin etkinli\u011findeki art\u0131\u015fla da ilgilidir” ifadesi yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[2]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n “Rusya’n\u0131n Kararg\u00e2h\u0131 Vuruldu! 400 Rus Askeri \u00d6ld\u00fc” \u0130ddias\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Rusya Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada, Ukrayna ordusunun Donetsk’teki Askeri \u00dcsse d\u00fczenledi\u011fi f\u00fcze sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda, 63 Rus askerinin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ukrayna ordusu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada ise, Makiivka’da Rus askerlerinin konu\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir binan\u0131n f\u00fczelerle hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. F\u00fcze sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda 400 Rus askerinin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 300 askerin ise yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6te yandan, Rus ordusu gece saatlerinde ba\u015fkent Kiev’e insans\u0131z hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ile sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenlemi\u015f, bir ki\u015fi yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[3]<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Fransa’dan, Ukrayna’ya Daha Fazla Destek Mesaj\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Fransa Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Emmanuel Macron, Rusya’n\u0131n Ukrayna’n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Kiev’e ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u015fehirlere \u00e7ok say\u0131da hava sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesinin ard\u0131ndan Ukrayna’ya daha fazla destek s\u00f6z\u00fc vermi\u015f, Rus sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Ukraynal\u0131 mevkida\u015f\u0131 Volodimir Zelenski ile telefon g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeye ili\u015fkin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, Macron “Fransa’n\u0131n, askeri te\u00e7hizat dahil olmak \u00fczere, Kiev taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen ihtiya\u00e7lara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak Ukrayna’ya deste\u011fini art\u0131rma” s\u00f6z\u00fc verildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Macron, sald\u0131r\u0131larla ilgili endi\u015fesinin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerek, G7 \u00fclkeleri ve Avrupal\u0131 m\u00fcttefikleri ile yak\u0131n temas halinde oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[4]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Rusya, T\u00fcrkiye’yi Ukrayna’ya Silah Tedarikini Durdurmas\u0131 Konusunda Uyarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Rusya \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Ombudsman\u0131 Tatyana Moskalkova, TBMM Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa \u015eentop’tan “durumun daha fazla t\u0131rmanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek” i\u00e7in Ukrayna’ya silah tedarikini durdurmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Moskalkova, s\u00f6z konusu talebi TBMM Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u015eentop ile Ukrayna Ombudsman\u0131 Dmytro Lubinets ve T\u00fcrkiye Ombudsman\u0131 \u015eeref Malko\u00e7’un da kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplant\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda dile getirdi\u011fini aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye, Rusya ve Ukrayna ombudsmanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc toplant\u0131s\u0131 Ankara’da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[5]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n ABD, T\u00fcrkiye’nin Hamlesine Niye Sahip \u00c7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131!?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri’nin; T\u00fcrkiye’nin Rusya-Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 sona erdirmek \u00fczere oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131c\u0131 rol\u00fc takdir ettiklerini, T\u00fcrkiye’nin iki \u00fclkeyle ili\u015fkilerini bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/em> bildirmesi kafalar\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu itiraflar, T\u00fcrkiye’nin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 belaya sokmak \u00fczere ABD taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurmaktayd\u0131. G\u00fcnl\u00fck bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131nda, Rusya’n\u0131n Ukrayna’da ate\u015fkes ilan etmesi \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye’nin bu konudaki \u00e7abalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik sorulara yan\u0131t veren ABD yetkilisi <\/span><\/strong>Price,<\/span><\/strong> “T\u00fcrkiye’nin bu barbarca sava\u015f\u0131 sona erdirme \u00e7abas\u0131yla oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131c\u0131 rol\u00fc \u00e7ok takdir ediyoruz. T\u00fcrkiye’nin Ukrayna’n\u0131n toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne olan kararl\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Ukrayna ile Rusya aras\u0131ndaki diyalo\u011fu geli\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 takdir ediyoruz.”<\/em> de\u011ferlendirmesini yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Oysa Ukrayna-Rusya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 kendileri k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.[6]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Papa’n\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye’nin arabuluculuk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6vmesi de mide buland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Papa Francis, Vatikan’da g\u00f6rev yapan B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilerle bir araya toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye’nin Vatikan B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi L\u00fctfullah G\u00f6kta\u015f’la g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fen Papa’n\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye’nin Rusya-Ukrayna aras\u0131ndaki arabuluculuk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6vmesi kafalar\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n L\u00fctfullah G\u00f6kta\u015f, a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 Twitter’da yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Papa’n\u0131n yeni y\u0131l vesilesiyle Vatikan’daki B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ileri kabul etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. G\u00f6kta\u015f, Papa’yla tokala\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda kendisi “T\u00fcrkiye’nin Rusya ve Ukrayna aras\u0131ndaki arabuluculuk \u00e7abalar\u0131 Vatikan’da da takdir topluyor.” ifadesini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[7] <\/span><\/strong>Oysa Papal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarih boyunca hi\u00e7bir konuda; \u00f6rne\u011fin K\u0131br\u0131s, Ege sorunlar\u0131, PKK sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hep T\u00fcrkiye’nin aleyhine tav\u0131r ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, \u015fimdi T\u00fcrkiye’yi pohpohlamas\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda elbette bir art niyet aranmal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n ABD’nin T\u00fcrkiye’ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span><\/strong>“G\u00fcvenlik uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>ard\u0131ndan; \u0130ngiltere, Almanya, Fransa, \u0130talya, Hollanda, \u0130sve\u00e7, Bel\u00e7ika ve \u0130svi\u00e7re gibi Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin \u0130stanbul’daki konsolosluklar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak kapatma karar\u0131 almalar\u0131 da, asl\u0131nda \u00fclkemizi ablukaya alman\u0131n ve yeni bir d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131nda <\/span><\/strong>“d\u00fc\u015fman”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>olarak tan\u0131man\u0131n dolayl\u0131 mesaj\u0131yd\u0131. Elbette bu bir psikolojik sava\u015ft\u0131 ve hatta T\u00fcrkiye’yi NATO’dan \u00e7\u0131karma tehdidi say\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Evet bunlar do\u011fruydu ve Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Bat\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ola\u011fand\u0131. Ancak \u00f6zellikle gizlenen ve dile getirilmeyen bir ger\u00e7ek daha vard\u0131: Konsolosluk kapatan Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler ayn\u0131 zamanda Sn. Recep T. Erdo\u011fan’a dolayl\u0131 destek sa\u011flamaktalard\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte ara s\u0131ra Bat\u0131’ya diklenen -ama ger\u00e7ekte AB kap\u0131s\u0131nda diz \u00e7\u00f6ken- AKP iktidar\u0131ndan umut kesen ve yeni aray\u0131\u015flara y\u00f6nelen karars\u0131z se\u00e7menlerimizin, Bat\u0131’n\u0131n bu k\u00fcstah tav\u0131rlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tekrar Erdo\u011fan’a kaymalar\u0131 hesaplanmam\u0131\u015f olamazd\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Peki, Bir 3. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda T\u00fcrkiye’deki ABD \u00dcsleri Kime Kar\u015f\u0131 Kullan\u0131lacakt\u0131?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n ABD, yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda, topraklar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan \u00fcs ve tesis kurma \u00e7abas\u0131, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan itibaren giderek artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli temsilcisi olan bu \u00fcs ve tesisler, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda kurulan yeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninde ABD’nin \u00fcstlendi\u011fi rol ile yeniden \u015fekillenmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f s\u00fcrecinde ABD, SSCB’nin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek (\u00e7evreleme politikas\u0131) ve \u00e7\u0131kacak b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndan olabildi\u011fince uzakta kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u00fcs ve tesislerini yeniden konumland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda SSCB’nin tehditk\u00e2r tutumu neticesinde Bat\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ABD yanl\u0131s\u0131 bir d\u0131\u015f politikaya kaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu kapsamda 23 \u015eubat 1945 tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan anla\u015fma ile yeni bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anla\u015fman\u0131n ikinci maddesi “T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, tedarik edebilmek vaziyetinde bulundu\u011fu ve m\u00fcsaade edebilece\u011fi maddeleri, hizmetleri, s\u00fchuletleri veya malumat\u0131 Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’ne temin edecektir”<\/em> ile T\u00fcrkiye’nin ABD g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrkiye; karayollar\u0131n\u0131, limanlar\u0131n\u0131, hava meydanlar\u0131n\u0131, demiryollar\u0131 ve istasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ABD’nin kullan\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra T\u00fcrkiye’ye de ABD’li sivil ve askeri dan\u0131\u015fmanlar yollanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD aras\u0131nda So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda bir dizi anla\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. ABD’nin ekonomik ve savunma amac\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu anla\u015fmalar iki \u00fclke ili\u015fkilerini \u015fekillendirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu arada SSCB’nin 29 A\u011fustos 1949 tarihinde Kazakistan’\u0131n Semipalatinsk \u015fehrinde n\u00fckleer bomba denemesi ba\u015far\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylece SSCB, ABD’nin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ikinci n\u00fckleer g\u00fcc\u00fc h\u00e2lini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu durum ABD’nin SSCB topraklar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmede \u00fcs ve tesislerin \u00f6nemini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye’nin NATO’ya kat\u0131lmas\u0131 (18 \u015eubat 1952) \u00fczerine, \u00fclke topraklar\u0131nda NATO’ya ait \u00fcs ve tesisler kurulmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’nin NATO’ya kat\u0131lmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda NATO Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesine istinaden ABD ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda \u00fcs ve tesislerin kurulmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla ikili anla\u015fmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda 23 Haziran 1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan “Askeri Kolayl\u0131klar Anla\u015fmas\u0131” sonras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’de ABD y\u00f6netiminde \u00fcs ve tesisler kurulmu\u015ftur. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde say\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fen bu \u00fcs ve tesislere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ABD’nin stratejik planlar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. CIA, 19 Kas\u0131m 1980 tarihinde haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belgede T\u00fcrkiye’deki \u00fcs ve tesislere dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Belgede ABD’nin T\u00fcrkiye’de 40 \u00fcs ve tesisinin oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n 26’s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcs olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00fcslerden Adana-\u0130ncirlik Hava \u00dcss\u00fc ve \u0130zmir-\u00c7i\u011fli Hava \u00dcss\u00fc’n\u00fcn en \u00f6nemlileri oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Stratejik konumundan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Diyarbak\u0131r tesisinin SSCB’nin takip edilmesinde kritik \u00f6nemine vurgu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ran \u0130slam Devrimi sonras\u0131nda, \u0130ran’da ABD tesislerinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye’deki \u00fcs ve tesisler daha fazla \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Bu \u00fcs ve tesislerin kurulu\u015fu ve faaliyetleri hakk\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD aras\u0131nda bir dizi anla\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bunlardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu nedenle \u00fcs ve tesislerde uzun y\u0131llar y\u00f6netim ve yetki karma\u015fas\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD \u00fcs ve tesisleri, T\u00fcrk kamuoyunda ancak 1964 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki K\u0131br\u0131s Meselesi sonras\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015f ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u0131br\u0131s’ta ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’nin adaya m\u00fcdahale karar\u0131na ABD kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Lyndon B. Johnson taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan ve tarihe Johnson Mektubu olarak ge\u00e7en diplomatik kriz, iki \u00fclke ili\u015fkilerini son derece olumsuz etkilemi\u015fti. Johnson Mektubu, T\u00fcrkiye kamuoyunda ABD ile ili\u015fkilerin sorgulanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye’deki duyarl\u0131 \u00e7evreler, ABD’nin T\u00fcrkiye’deki \u00fcs ve tesislerinin egemenlik haklar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirterek bunu se\u00e7im propagandas\u0131 olarak savunmu\u015flard\u0131. O g\u00fcne kadar kamuoyunda \u00e7ok az yer bulan ve neredeyse sadece kuruldu\u011fu yerlerde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan haberdar olunan \u00fcs ve tesislerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015f bir kesim taraf\u0131ndan tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fma karma\u015fas\u0131 1969 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/span><\/strong>T\u00fcrk-Amerikan Ortak Savunma ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>ile o g\u00fcne kadar iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda imzalanan anla\u015fmalar bir \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcs ve tesislerin durumu yeniden ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00fcs ve tesisler \u00fczerindeki haklar\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kamuoyundan gelen tepkileri azaltmak, \u00fcs ve tesislerin karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan anla\u015fma yeni bir d\u00f6nemin de ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nem, Prof. Dr. Necmettin Erbakan’\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6zel gayret ve cesareti ile CHP Koalisyon H\u00fck\u00fcmeti’nin deste\u011fi sonucu ba\u015far\u0131lan 1974 K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131 ile sonlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’nin K\u0131br\u0131s’ta ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131’na ve \u00f6ncesindeki 12 Mart 1971 Muht\u0131ras\u0131 sonras\u0131nda konulan ha\u015fha\u015f ekim yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131rmas\u0131na ABD sert tepki tak\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve 1975 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren T\u00fcrkiye’ye ambargo karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ambargo zaten zor durumda olan \u00fclke ekonomisini derinden sarsm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm \u00e7abalara kar\u015f\u0131n ABD’nin ambargoyu kald\u0131rmamas\u0131 neticesinde 26 Temmuz 1975 tarihinde Bakanlar Kurulu Karar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye, topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunan t\u00fcm ABD \u00fcs ve tesislerine el koymu\u015ftur. Bu hamle beraberinde SSCB ile yak\u0131nla\u015fmay\u0131 da g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f s\u00fcrecinde bir\u00e7ok kez k\u0131r\u0131lmalara sahne olan iki \u00fclke ili\u015fkileri, at\u0131lan ad\u0131mlarla yeni bir s\u00fcrece ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O g\u00fcne kadar ABD \u00fcs ve tesislerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 her seferinde belirten SSCB, T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00fcs ve tesislere el koymas\u0131ndan memnuniyetini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n ABD, 1978 y\u0131l\u0131nda ambargoyu kald\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye’deki \u00fcs ve tesislerinde yeniden faaliyete ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ran \u0130slam Devrimi sonras\u0131nda, ABD’nin \u0130ran topraklar\u0131ndaki tesislerinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, SSCB’nin Afganistan’\u0131 i\u015fgal etmesi (Aral\u0131k 1979) ABD’nin b\u00f6lgedeki g\u00fcvenlik kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu nedenle 29 Mart 1980 tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD aras\u0131nda Savunma ve Ekonomik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anla\u015fmada ABD’nin T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131nda nerelerde \u00fcs ve tesis kuraca\u011f\u0131, y\u00f6netimi ve faaliyetleri yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’de kurulan NATO ve ABD \u00fcs ve tesisleri, T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD ili\u015fkilerinde son derece \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r. Bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda SSCB ile ABD ili\u015fkilerinde ve T\u00fcrkiye ile SSCB ili\u015fkilerinde gerginli\u011fe neden olmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada \u00fclkedeki ABD \u00fcs ve tesislerin nerelerde kuruldu\u011fu, \u00fcs ve tesislerde hangi faaliyetlerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00fcs ve tesislerin \u00fclke kamuoyunda nas\u0131l bir etki yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye-ABD ve T\u00fcrkiye-SSCB ili\u015fkilerinde ne gibi rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorular\u0131na ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ABD Merkezi \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Ar\u015fivi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6nemi ayd\u0131nlatacak birinci el kaynak, ara\u015ft\u0131rma eserleri ele al\u0131narak yan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n ABD’nin \u00dcs ve Tesis Kurma Ama\u00e7lar\u0131!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n ABD \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’na kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz adet \u00fcsse sahip iken, sava\u015f sona erdi\u011finde Atlantik’ten Pasifik’e yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz \u00fclkeye da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f iki binden fazla \u00fcs ve otuz binden fazla askeri tesis haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. ABD, sava\u015f sona erdi\u011finde 8,3 milyon karac\u0131, 3,3 milyon denizci ve 500 bin deniz piyadesini deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde konu\u015fland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 7 A\u011fustos 1945 tarihinde Potsdam Konferans\u0131’nda konu\u015fan ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Harry S. Truman yeni d\u00fczende \u00fcslerin konumunu \u015f\u00f6yle vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n “ABD bu sava\u015f sonucunda bir \u00e7\u0131kar elde etmek amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in gerekli olan askeri \u00fcsleri elimizde tutmak zorunday\u0131z. Askeri uzmanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n savunmam\u0131z i\u00e7in hayati g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fcsleri kuraca\u011f\u0131z. Bunu Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’ne uygun d\u00fczenlemelerle yapaca\u011f\u0131z.”<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Uzmanlar, ABD Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri’nin \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin topraklar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda konumland\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finerek d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 noktalar\u0131nda ABD’nin 585 \u00fcsse sahip oldu\u011funu yazm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye’deki ABD \u00dcs ve Tesislerinin Kurulmas\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n ABD So\u011fuk Sava\u015f s\u00fcrecinde SSCB ile patlak verebilecek b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131 olabildi\u011fince topraklar\u0131ndan uzak bir noktada kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde bir\u00e7ok \u00fcs ve tesis kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu \u00fcs ve tesisler, \u00e7evreleme politikas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda SSCB topraklar\u0131na yak\u0131n yerlerde yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda SSCB’ye, Ortado\u011fu ve Balkanlara kom\u015fu olan, \u0130stanbul ve \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011fazlar\u0131 ile son derece stratejik bir noktada bulunan T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda SSCB tehditleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye ABD’den destek bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD, T\u00fcrkiye’nin stratejik konumunu de\u011ferlendirip bu talebi olumlu yan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’nin stratejik \u00f6nemi CIA ar\u015fiv belgelerinde bir\u00e7ok kez vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna \u00f6rnek olarak CIA’n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye hakk\u0131nda haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 22 Aral\u0131k 1948 tarihli “Turkey” kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’nin ABD g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi \u00fczerinde durulmaktad\u0131r. Yine CIA 8 Ocak 1951 tarihli raporunda, ABD’nin SSCB kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Akdeniz’deki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00f6nemini hat\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle T\u00fcrkiye’ye yap\u0131lacak yard\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00fclkedeki ABD varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirece\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye’de NATO \u00fcss\u00fc denildi\u011finde akla ilk gelen \u0130ncirlik Hava \u00dcss\u00fc, uzun y\u0131llar bu konudaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n da merkezinde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ncirlik Hava \u00dcss\u00fc kurulmadan y\u0131llar \u00f6nce \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Adana son derece \u00f6nemli bir istihbarat m\u00fccadelesine sahne olmaktad\u0131r. ABD \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131 The Office of Strategic Services-OSS (1942-1945), 1943 y\u0131l\u0131nda Adana’da bir merkez kurmu\u015flard\u0131. ABD El\u00e7isinin Adana’daki yazl\u0131k evi istihbarat merkezi h\u00e2lini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. ABD’nin bu hamlesi asl\u0131nda b\u00f6lgedeki istihbarat m\u00fccadelesinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. OSS’nin verdi\u011fi bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00f6lgedeki Alman \u0130stihbarat\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu durum Adana’n\u0131n stratejik konumunu \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n SSCB’nin 29 A\u011fustos 1949 tarihinde n\u00fckleer bomba denemesinin ba\u015far\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131, n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak ABD tekelini sonland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Yugoslavya’n\u0131n SSCB’den ayr\u0131larak Koniform kurmas\u0131 ve Ortado\u011fu’daki geli\u015fmeler, ABD’nin T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00fcs ve tesisler kurma plan\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 14 May\u0131s 1950 Milletvekili Genel Se\u00e7imi’nde Demokrat Parti, NATO \u00fcyeli\u011fini se\u00e7im propagandas\u0131nda kullanm\u0131\u015f, ABD’nin \u00fcs ve tesis kurma talebine \u00f6n \u015fart olarak NATO \u00fcyeli\u011fini sunmu\u015flard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye 18 \u015eubat 1952 tarihinde NATO’ya \u00fcye yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye, NATO \u00fcyeli\u011fi sonras\u0131nda 25 A\u011fustos 1952 tarihinde imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 NATO Kuvvetler Stat\u00fcs\u00fc S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131nda NATO’nun \u00fclke topraklar\u0131nda askeri \u00fcs ve tesisler kurmas\u0131n\u0131 ve personel bulundurmas\u0131n\u0131 kabule yana\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. NATO S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131nda 23 Haziran 1954 tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD aras\u0131nda imzalanan Askeri Kolayl\u0131klar Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile ABD’nin \u00fclke topraklar\u0131nda \u00fcs ve tesis kurma ile askeri faaliyetlerde bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n yasal zemini haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n ABD \u00dcs ve Tesislerinin Y\u00f6netim Kurallar\u0131!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye’deki ABD \u00fcs ve tesislerinin siyasi ve askeri rolleri \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu rollerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra anla\u015fmalardan do\u011fan belirsizlik nedeniyle personel sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’de g\u00f6rev yapan personelin i\u015fledikleri su\u00e7larla ilgili olarak, NATO Kuvvetler Stat\u00fcs\u00fc S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’ne g\u00f6re; g\u00f6nderen ve kabul eden \u00fclke yasalar\u0131nda mevcut bir su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesi durumunda, bir taraf\u0131n yasalar\u0131nca su\u00e7 te\u015fkil edilmeyen fiilde yarg\u0131laman\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 mu\u011flakt\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra su\u00e7un resmi g\u00f6rev s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015flenmesi durumunda yarg\u0131laman\u0131n g\u00f6nderen \u00fclkeye, ABD’ye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir hukuki bo\u015flu\u011fa neden olmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc “resmi g\u00f6rev s\u0131ras\u0131nda” ifadesini tespit edecek bir birim yoktu. Bunun \u00fczerine 16 Temmuz 1956 tarihinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan kanunla bu onay ABD’nin T\u00fcrkiye’deki en \u00fcst r\u00fctbeli komutan\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum bir\u00e7ok kez suistimal edilmi\u015f ve aleyhimize kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n 11 May\u0131s 1956 tarihinde \u00c7avu\u015f Frank R. Boston Eski\u015fehir’den Ankara’ya giderken be\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011fa \u00e7arpm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olmu\u015ftu. \u00c7avu\u015f Boston g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n resmi g\u00f6rev s\u0131ras\u0131nda su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi iddia edilerek, ABD taraf\u0131ndan, yarg\u0131lama sonras\u0131nda ceza almas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n delil yetersizli\u011finden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc cezas\u0131 uygulanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnekte 5 Kas\u0131m 1959 tarihinde Ankara’da ABD’li bir Yarbay’\u0131n on bir askerimize \u00e7arparak birinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sebep oldu\u011fu kaza da ayn\u0131 kapsama al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka suistimal ise g\u00fcmr\u00fcks\u00fcz al\u0131\u015fveri\u015flerde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. ABD’li personelin g\u00fcmr\u00fcks\u00fcz al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f hakk\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 personel taraf\u0131ndan suistimal edildi\u011fi belirlenmi\u015fti. Robert M. Fresco CIA ar\u015fivlerinde bulunan raporunda bu duruma de\u011finmi\u015ftir. Robert M. Fresco, Ankara’da ya\u015fayan bir ABD’li personelin sigara ve alkol gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ucuz alabildi\u011fine ve kap\u0131 kom\u015fusu bir profes\u00f6r\u00fcn bu \u00fcr\u00fcnleri g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi nedeniyle alamamas\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Bu durumun baz\u0131 personeller taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ticaretinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle suistimal edildi\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n S\u00fcleyman Demirel’in Tutars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar kapsam\u0131nda \u00fcs ve tesisler kamuoyunda tart\u0131\u015fmalara neden olsa da Ba\u015fbakan S\u00fcleyman Demirel \u00fcslerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 reddetmi\u015f, bunlar\u0131n tesis oldu\u011funu savunmu\u015ftur. \u00dcs ve tesislerin \u00fclkenin egemenli\u011fi g\u00f6rmezden gelinerek adeta ABD topra\u011f\u0131ym\u0131\u015f gibi kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kamuoyunda geni\u015f yer tutmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fbakan S\u00fcleyman Demirel’in; “T\u00fcrkiye’de ABD \u00fcss\u00fc yok, tesisi vard\u0131r”<\/em> a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duyarl\u0131 ayd\u0131nlar 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1967 tarihinde; “T\u00fcrkiye’deki Amerikan \u00dcslerini A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yoruz” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye’deki ABD \u00fcs ve tesislerin listesini yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu haber, Amerikan Hava Kuvvetleri’nin AFM 87-3 say\u0131 ve 25 Kas\u0131m 1963 tarihli USAF INSTALLATIONS DIRECTORY (Worldwide)-D\u00fcnyadaki Hava Kuvvetleri Tesisleri Rehberi’nde verilen bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD aras\u0131nda imzalanan anla\u015fmalar kimi zaman gizli yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, s\u00f6zl\u00fc oldu\u011fundan iki \u00fclke taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015fmalar\u0131n tutanaklar\u0131 tam olarak tutulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ba\u015fbakan S\u00fcleyman Demirel 7 \u015eubat 1970 tarihinde kamuoyuna a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. S\u00fcleyman Demirel, 1945 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren muhtelif tarihlerde T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD aras\u0131nda toplam 91 anla\u015fma imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu anla\u015fmalar\u0131n sadece 16’s\u0131 kanunla onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 12’si harita anla\u015fmas\u0131, 6’s\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; 4’\u00fc bilimsel anla\u015fma, 26’s\u0131 yard\u0131m anla\u015fmas\u0131, 14 adet NATO ittifak\u0131 i\u00e7inde al\u0131nan kararlar neticesinde yap\u0131lan anla\u015fma, 13’\u00fc ise 1954 askeri kolayl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7eren anla\u015fmayd\u0131. S\u00fcleyman Demirel konu\u015fmas\u0131nda, iktidara geldikleri 27 Ekim 1965 tarihinden itibaren ABD ile ortak savunma amac\u0131yla 15 anla\u015fman\u0131n imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Bu anla\u015fmalar neticesinde \u0130zmir (\u00c7i\u011fli) Havaliman\u0131 ile Trabzon ve Samsun Radar Tesislerinin T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri’ne devri i\u00e7in mutabakata var\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Maalesef T\u00fcrkiye’deki ABD \u00fcs ve tesislerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve y\u00f6netimi hakk\u0131nda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k bulunmaktayd\u0131. Hangi \u00fcs ve tesisin hangi anla\u015fma ile kuruldu\u011fu gizli tutulmaktayd\u0131. Bu \u00fcs ve tesislerin baz\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fc anla\u015fmalar ile kurulmu\u015flard\u0131. Ba\u015fbakan S\u00fcleyman Demirel her seferinde \u00fcs ve tesisleri tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7abalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum, Mart 1966 tarihinde ABD Ankara B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi ile bir araya gelen D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Genel Sekreteri Haluk Bay\u00fclken taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD, geni\u015f haklar tan\u0131yan anla\u015fmalarda de\u011fi\u015fiklik taleplerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak 7 Nisan 1966 tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler hakk\u0131nda nota aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. ABD, 18 Nisan 1966 tarihli cevab\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00f6nerilerini kabul etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylece 3 Temmuz 1969 tarihli “Ortak Savunma ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131” (OS\u0130A) s\u00fcreci ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD aras\u0131nda 3 Temmuz 1969 tarihinde Ortak Savunma ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6ncesinde yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmalardaki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ve T\u00fcrkiye’nin ABD ili\u015fkilerinin sorgulan\u0131r h\u00e2le gelmesi sonras\u0131nda imzalanan anla\u015fma ile iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmalar revize edilerek tek metinde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Anla\u015fman\u0131n gizli olmas\u0131 nedeniyle 23-25 Ocak 1970 tarihlerinde Millet Meclisi’nde, 27-28 Ocak 1970 tarihlerinde Senato’da yap\u0131lan kapal\u0131 oturumda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, kamuoyuna da sadece temel prensipleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi verilmi\u015f, i\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ba\u015fbakan S\u00fcleyman Demirel sonraki g\u00fcnlerde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada; anla\u015fman\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 egemenlik ve e\u015fitlik prensibinde haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00fcs ve tesisler hususunda ise T\u00fcrkiye’nin onay\u0131 olmadan hareket edilmeyece\u011fini, ortak kullan\u0131m\u0131n esas al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Anla\u015fma metni ancak ABD’nin T\u00fcrkiye’ye uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 silah ambargosundan sonra 16-17 Mart 1975 tarihinde H\u00fcrriyet gazetesi taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00fcs ve tesislerin stat\u00fcs\u00fc be\u015finci maddede \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n “Madde-5: \u0130\u015fbu anla\u015fman\u0131n ama\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in T.C. H\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan tahsis edilen arazi \u00fczerinde ABD taraf\u0131ndan veya onun nam\u0131na in\u015fa veya tesis olunan, topra\u011fa merbut mallar d\u00e2hil, bilumum gayrimenkuller, in\u015fa veya tesis tarihlerinden itibaren T.C. H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin mal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.”<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00dcs ve Tesislere El Konulmas\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n ABD ile T\u00fcrkiye ili\u015fkilerinde So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda en gergin d\u00f6nem ABD’nin T\u00fcrkiye’ye uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ambargo s\u00fcrecinde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 12 Mart 1971 Muht\u0131ras\u0131 sonras\u0131nda uygulanmaya ba\u015flanan ha\u015fha\u015f ekim yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131na tepki olarak ABD, ekonomik yard\u0131m\u0131 kesmi\u015fti. Bu karar\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan K\u0131br\u0131s’ta meydana gelen darbe sonras\u0131nda adadaki T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusa kar\u015f\u0131 giri\u015filen sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in Erbakan-Ecevit H\u00fck\u00fcmetince yap\u0131lan K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131, ABD’deki Yunan lobisini harekete ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti. Ha\u015fha\u015f ekim yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131 ve Yunan lobisinin faaliyetleri \u00fclkedeki T\u00fcrkiye kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece ambargo karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131’n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 milyar dolar\u0131 bulan faturas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda al\u0131nan ambargo karar\u0131, zaten uzun s\u00fcredir \u00fclkede var olan ekonomik darbo\u011faz\u0131 iyice \u00e7\u0131kmaza sokmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye; ambargonun kalkmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm \u00e7abalara ra\u011fmen herhangi bir sonu\u00e7 alamamas\u0131 \u00fczerine, ABD’ye kar\u015f\u0131 tutum de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130\u00e7 politikada y\u00f6neltilen sert ele\u015ftirileri azaltmak i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmet; ABD B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi’ne g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi notada, “30 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ambargonun kald\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde \u00fcs ve tesislere el konulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131” vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. ABD’nin nota kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda istenilen ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atmamas\u0131 \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye, (Bakanlar Kurulu Karar\u0131 ile) ABD ile yap\u0131lan 3 Temmuz 1969 tarihli Ortak Savunma ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n (OS\u0130A) hukuki ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini kaybetti\u011fini belirterek, 26 Temmuz 1975 tarihi itibar\u0131yla \u0130ncirlik Hava \u00dcss\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm \u00fcs ve tesislere el koydu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu geli\u015fme ABD taraf\u0131ndan tepkiyle kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ambargo karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hususunda ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Gerald Ford, Temsilciler Meclisi’ne \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yapsa da ba\u015far\u0131 elde edememi\u015fti. CIA, T\u00fcrkiye’nin askeri tesislere el koymas\u0131n\u0131n ABD savunmas\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe neden olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’nin bu istikamet do\u011frultusunda \u00f6neminin ve katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n devam edece\u011fini belirtse de ABD nezdinde derin endi\u015fe duyulmu\u015ftur. NATO el\u00e7isi Erc\u00fcment Yavuzalp’in, ABD B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi William B. Macomber ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinde; “tesislere el konulmas\u0131nda ABD askerlerine dost ve ittifak kuvvetleri olarak davran\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131” belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n H\u00fck\u00fcmet orta\u011f\u0131 olan Erbakan ve T\u00fcrke\u015f’in \u00f6zel bask\u0131lar\u0131yla Milliyet\u00e7i Cephe H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Demirel’in ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc politikan\u0131n bir gere\u011fi olarak ABD ile ili\u015fkilerde \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131r\u0131lma ya\u015fanmadan tepkilerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte kararl\u0131 davranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. CIA, S\u00fcleyman Demirel’in her ne kadar ABD ili\u015fkilerine zarar verecek bir ad\u0131m atmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rse de ABD’li yetkililerin ambargonun son bulma vaadine ra\u011fmen, ambargonun kalkmamas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 politikada \u00f6nemli bir bask\u0131 h\u00e2line geldi\u011fini ve bu nedenle Erbakan’dan kurtulmak gerekti\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Askeri te\u00e7hizat ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye’nin SSCB’nin de oldu\u011fu ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerle ili\u015fkilere girebilece\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye, 25 Temmuz 1975 tarihli Bakanlar Kurulu karar\u0131 ile 26 Temmuz 1975 tarihi itibar\u0131yla ABD \u00fcs ve tesislerine el koymu\u015ftur. Tesislerde bulunan PX ma\u011fazalar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kapat\u0131l\u0131rken NATO b\u00fcnyesinde olan kesimde ise sadece NATO askerlerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131na izin verilmi\u015ftir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ABD’nin C-130 u\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 havalimanlar\u0131nda \u00fccretlendirmeye gidilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n ABD, T\u00fcrkiye’nin bu hamlesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yeni \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131na girmi\u015f, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te T\u00fcrkiye’de olu\u015fan tepkiyi azaltmak i\u00e7in talep edilen yard\u0131m\u0131 Almanya Federal Cumhuriyeti \u00fczerinden sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ancak Almanya Federal Cumhuriyeti buna raz\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD’nin bu \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedeni \u00fcs ve tesislerdeki faaliyetlerin devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’nin, ABD’nin \u00fcs ve tesislerine el koyma karar\u0131 ABD y\u00f6netiminde derin kayg\u0131 ve endi\u015fe yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geli\u015fmeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan 20 A\u011fustos 1975 tarihli raporda, T\u00fcrkiye’nin ABD g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00fcs ve tesislere el koymas\u0131n\u0131n ABD’nin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc faaliyetlere zarar verdi\u011fi g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle raporun son k\u0131sm\u0131nda \u00f6neriler sunulmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00f6neriler; T\u00fcrkiye ile yeni bir Savunma \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalamak, T\u00fcrkiye’nin ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu askeri yard\u0131m\u0131 NATO \u00fczerinden sa\u011flamak, Kongre’de m\u00fczakereleri devam ettirmek ve T\u00fcrkiye’deki \u00fcs ve tesisleri azaltmakt\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD aras\u0131nda 26 Mart 1976 tarihinde Savunma ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Anla\u015fmada \u00fcs ve tesislerin durumu tekrar ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00fcs ve tesisler \u00fczerinde yetkileri art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu anla\u015fmayla ambargonun yumu\u015famas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Yunanistan’\u0131n anla\u015fma kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tav\u0131r, ABD’deki Yunan lobisini harekete ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ve anla\u015fma ABD Kongresi taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmemi\u015fti. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra anla\u015fmada \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yard\u0131m\u0131n yetersiz oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle anla\u015fma TBMM taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye’deki ABD \u00dcs ve Tesislerinde Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen Tehlikeli \u00c7abalar!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n So\u011fuk Sava\u015f, istihbarat faaliyetleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan adeta bir devrime yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Teknolojik geli\u015fmeler istihbarat tekniklerini de \u015fekillendirmi\u015fti. Geli\u015fen silah teknolojisinde casusluk faaliyetlerinde zorluk \u00e7eken istihbarat \u00f6rg\u00fctleri yeni yollara ba\u015fvurmu\u015flard\u0131r. ABD, istihbarat faaliyetleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan o g\u00fcne kadar kullan\u0131lan tekniklerin yeni sava\u015fta yeterli olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark etmi\u015f, bunun i\u00e7in yeni giri\u015fimlerde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131. SSCB’nin geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyaya sahip olmas\u0131 nedeniyle mevcut istihbarat y\u00f6ntemleri ile takibi son derece zorla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu nedenle istihbarat faaliyetlerinde devrim niteli\u011finde ad\u0131m atarak en eski istihbarat y\u00f6ntemini teknolojinin yard\u0131m\u0131yla etkili bir konuma ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n SSCB’nin, 1957 Ekim’de ilk uyduyu uzaya f\u0131rlatmas\u0131 askeri ve stratejik olarak son derece \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131md\u0131. B\u00f6ylece ABD, Kore Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda kurdu\u011fu Stratejik Hava Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (SAC-Stratejic Air Command) sayesinde elinde tuttu\u011fu hava \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kaybetmi\u015f olmaktayd\u0131. ABD, SSCB’nin b\u00f6ylesine \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m atmas\u0131 \u00fczerine istihbarat faaliyetlerini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve U-2 gibi son derece \u00f6nemli projeleri ortaya koymu\u015ftur. U-2 casus u\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngiltere, Almanya, Japonya, Norve\u00e7 ve T\u00fcrkiye’den havaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. ABD Hava Kuvvetleri Komutan\u0131 Stuart Symington, Aral\u0131k 1948 tarihinde Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi’ne sundu\u011fu raporda; T\u00fcrkiye’yi SSCB i\u015fgalinde fiilen direni\u015f g\u00f6sterebilecek tek \u00fclke olarak vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunun yan\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’yi orta menzilli bombard\u0131man u\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcss\u00fc olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ABD ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda bir dizi ikili anla\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu anla\u015fmalar neticesinde ABD, T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok askeri, lojistik ve istihbarat merkezleri kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu nedenle Adana, Diyarbak\u0131r ve Band\u0131rma’da hava \u00fcsleri olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r. Adana’da bulunan \u0130ncirlik Hava \u00dcss\u00fc imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buradan ilk olarak Genetrix projesi kapsam\u0131nda faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Genetrix projesi, hava durumu takip balonlar\u0131na y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sahip kameralar yerle\u015ftirilerek istenilen b\u00f6lgelerin izlenmesini kapsamaktayd\u0131. ABD, 10 Ocak 1956 tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye’de Genetrix projesini y\u00fcr\u00fctecek balonlar\u0131 ve personeli Adana’ya konu\u015fland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Balonlar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn zorlu\u011fu ve olumsuz hava ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle istenilen sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra SSCB’nin tepkisi yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. SSCB D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Andrei Grom\u0131ko, ABD’nin Moskova B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi’ne verdi\u011fi notada, ABD’yi SSCB topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmekle su\u00e7larken bu duruma son verilmesini istemi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine ABD projeyi durdurma karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Genetrix projesi kapsam\u0131nda Adana’da bulunan ABD personeli 1956 Mart ay\u0131nda ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n ABD \u00fcs ve tesislerinde g\u00f6revli personel, b\u00f6lge insan\u0131 ile dikkat \u00e7ekici ili\u015fkiler kurmu\u015flar, anar\u015fi ve b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe arka \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Yukar\u0131da ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere ya\u015fanan asayi\u015f olaylar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra personelin para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 alarak evlatl\u0131k edindi\u011fi iddialar\u0131 ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sabah gazetesinde Murat Karaman’\u0131n 09 Ocak 2018 tarihinde yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 habere g\u00f6re; \u0130ncirlik Hava \u00dcss\u00fc’nde g\u00f6rev yapan personel, b\u00f6lgedeki baz\u0131 ailelerden \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda evlat edinmi\u015flerdi. Habere g\u00f6re Adana’da baz\u0131 ailelerden para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sat\u0131n al\u0131nan \u00e7ocuklar, ABD personeli taraf\u0131ndan \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n ABD’nin T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131nda kurdu\u011fu \u00fcs ve tesisler uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r gizlili\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmalarla elde edilen geni\u015f haklar sayesinde bu \u00fcs ve tesisler kontrol edilemedi\u011fi gibi faaliyetleri hakk\u0131nda da yeterince bilgi sahibi olunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD, T\u00fcrkiye’deki \u00fcs ve tesislerden y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc faaliyetler i\u00e7in izinlerini bir\u00e7ok kez s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ki \u00fclke ili\u015fkilerinde \u00f6nemli bir unsur olan \u00fcs ve tesislerden ABD, istedi\u011fi gibi faydalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki; g\u00f6revli ABD personeli T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti kanunlar\u0131na de\u011fil, ABD’nin kanunlar\u0131na t\u00e2bi tutulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu durum beraberinde suistimalleri de yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n 1978 y\u0131l\u0131nda ambargonun kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla ABD, \u00fcs ve tesisleri tekrar kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ran \u0130slam Devrimi sonras\u0131nda bu \u00fclkedeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesiyle T\u00fcrkiye’deki \u00fcs ve tesisler daha fazla \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda 29 Mart 1980 tarihinde iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Savunma ve Ekonomik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131’nda \u00fcs ve tesislerin durumu detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anla\u015fmada ABD’nin T\u00fcrkiye’de hangi \u00fcs ve tesisleri kullanaca\u011f\u0131, idaresinin nas\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclece\u011fi gibi unsurlar net bir \u015fekilde belirlenmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ABD Merkezi \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131 ar\u015fiv belgelerinde, ABD’nin T\u00fcrkiye’deki \u00fcs ve tesislere ne kadar \u00f6nem verdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. ABD, \u00fcs ve tesisleri SSCB ve Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkelerini dinlemek ve izlemek gibi faaliyetlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, m\u00fcdahale i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemli bir lojistik merkez olarak kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD, T\u00fcrkiye’deki askeri hareketlili\u011fi de \u00fcs ve tesisler sayesinde takibe alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle T\u00fcrkiye’deki \u00fcs ve tesisler \u00fclke g\u00fcvenli\u011finden ziyade ABD’nin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli rol oynamaktad\u0131r. \u00dcs ve tesislerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’yi kimi zaman hedef konumuna ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, ABD ve NATO merkezleri, T\u00fcrkiye-SSCB ve T\u00fcrkiye-Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda s\u0131k s\u0131k sorun olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.[8]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 Olarak:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n S\u0131k\u00e7a onlar\u0131n devam\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan Sn. Recep T. Erdo\u011fan; tam bir Adnan Menderes teslimiyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ve S\u00fcleyman Demirel takti\u011fi ile, ABD ve \u0130srail aleyhinde halk\u0131n havas\u0131n\u0131 almak i\u00e7in ara s\u0131ra kurus\u0131k\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar yapsa da, fikren ve fiilen Amerika ve \u0130srail \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan bir tav\u0131r tak\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. 3. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n konu\u015fuldu\u011fu bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te, bu AKP iktidar\u0131ndan kurtulmak, g\u00fcvenli\u011fimiz ve gelece\u011fimiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir a\u015famad\u0131r. Art\u0131k Milletimizin duygularla de\u011fil, olgular ve do\u011frularla hareket etmesi laz\u0131md\u0131r ve in\u015faallah bunu ba\u015faracakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> Milli Gazete – 26 Aral\u0131k 2022<\/span><\/p>\n [2]<\/a> Haber7 – 12 Ocak 2023<\/span><\/p>\n [3]<\/a> Haber7 – 02 Ocak 2023<\/span><\/p>\n [4]<\/a> TRT – 11 Ekim 2022<\/span><\/p>\n [5]<\/a> cumhuriyet.com.tr – 11 Ocak 2023<\/span><\/p>\n [6]<\/a> Haber7 – 06 Ocak 2023<\/span><\/p>\n
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