Meral Ak\u015fener\u2019in Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid h\u0131nc\u0131!<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Meral Ak\u015fener 2022 May\u0131s ortalar\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu\u015fmada:<\/strong><\/span><\/p> \u201cO g\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131nda olu\u015fan demokrasi r\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, kendi zul\u00fcm ve istibdat rejimini korumak isteyen Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in yerinde bug\u00fcn, Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan bulunmaktad\u0131r\u201d <\/em><\/strong>anlam\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zleriyle, asl\u0131nda toplumdan \u00f6zenle gizlenen ger\u00e7ek ayar\u0131n\u0131 ve kirli amac\u0131n\u0131 kusmu\u015flard\u0131. Siyonist g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc masonik \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ve onlar\u0131n devam\u0131 olan Enver, Talat ve Cemal tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019i y\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na hangi belalar\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve h\u0131yanetlerinin hesab\u0131ndan kurtulmak i\u00e7in nas\u0131l yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, Meral Han\u0131m bilmiyor olamazd\u0131\u2026 \u00dcstelik Meral Ak\u015fener, bu talihsiz ve ilgisiz benzetmelerinin, Sn. Erdo\u011fan\u2019a yarayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ona me\u015fruiyet ve oy kazand\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemeyecek kadar safl\u0131k da yapmamal\u0131yd\u0131\u2026 Ve bu arada, SP\u2019nin ve AKP\u2019den kopma s\u00fcnepelerin suskunlu\u011fu ise, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 bilmem, ama bizi hi\u00e7 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131!? Elbette, gerekti\u011finde se\u00e7im ittifaklar\u0131 olu\u015fturmal\u0131 ve siyasi dayan\u0131\u015fma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc sa\u011flanmal\u0131yd\u0131\u2026 Ama b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, kendimiz kalarak, asl\u0131m\u0131za ve esaslar\u0131m\u0131za ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmal\u0131yd\u0131\u2026 Ve zaten kendi \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fczden ve \u00e7izgimizden tavizk\u00e2r davranmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, art\u0131k ba\u015fkalar\u0131 nazar\u0131nda sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z da a\u015f\u0131nacakt\u0131.<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Abdurrahman Dilipak\u2019\u0131n Marazl\u0131 Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131!<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Yeni Akit\u2019te; Abdurrahman Dilipak, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan ile Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019i \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftiren AKP’lilere “\u00c7ok tehlikeli bir benzetme. Sonu hay\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil”<\/em> \u015feklinde \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Dilipak, <\/strong>“Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019i Erdo\u011fan\u2019la \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftiren tehlikeli bir benzetme yap\u0131yorlar. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019i indirenleri o g\u00f6revlere atayan da Abd\u00fclhamid de\u011fil mi idi? Tarihten ders almak gerek”<\/em><\/strong> diyerek dolayl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019i su\u00e7lay\u0131p sata\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/span><\/p> “Tarihten ders almak gerek, ama art\u0131k magazinle\u015ftirilen ve bir mefahire d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen bu kurgulanm\u0131\u015f \u201cfake\u201d tarihten de bir ders \u00e7\u0131kmaz. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda genel olarak din de, sa\u011fl\u0131k da magazinle\u015ftirildi. Tarihi \u015fahsiyetler \u201c\u0130dol\u201dle\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. \u0130dol <\/em><\/strong>\u201c\u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlerde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlu tanr\u0131 ya da tanr\u0131\u00e7a heykelci\u011fine verilen ad\u201d<\/em><\/strong>d\u0131r\u2026 Yani \u201c\u0130nsan eliyle yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f (!?) tanr\u0131, put\u201d anlam\u0131na da gelir!.. Putlarla sava\u015fal\u0131m derken, din ve devlet b\u00fcy\u00fcklerini, askeri \u015fahsiyetleri, sultanlar\u0131 idol edinmeye ba\u015flad\u0131k!?.. Mekke m\u00fc\u015frikleri helvadan put yap\u0131yorlard\u0131 ama bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kadar onlar\u0131n idol\u00fc yoktu san\u0131r\u0131m. \u201cJ\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler\u201d gibi bizim Postmodern M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanc\u0131lar Yeni Osmanl\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131yorlar. 1700\u2019den sonras\u0131n\u0131; Lale Devri, Tanzimat, \u0130ttihat Terakki, istisnalar hari\u00e7 b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak savunabilir misiniz?\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p> Onu ge\u00e7in, <\/em><\/strong>Fuzuli\u2019nin<\/em><\/strong> \u201cSelam verdim r\u00fc\u015fvet de\u011fild\u00fcr deyu almad\u0131lar.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> dedi\u011fi d\u00f6nem Kanuni d\u00f6nemidir. H\u00fcrrem Sultan d\u00f6nemini hat\u0131rlay\u0131n. Saray\u0131n oldu\u011fu her yerde istisnalar hari\u00e7 entrika vard\u0131r. Kanuni sonras\u0131, kamu mal\u0131 sultan\u0131n m\u00fclk\u00fc say\u0131lmad\u0131 m\u0131?\u00a0Bu konuda dikkatli davranan da oldu, davranmayan da. Osmanl\u0131\u2019da 36 Padi\u015fahtan 12\u2019si tahttan indirildi.\u00a0Bunlar: Abd\u00fclaziz, 2. Abd\u00fclhamid, 3. Ahmed, 2. Bayezid, \u0130brahim (Padi\u015fah), 4. Mehmed, 5. Murad, 1. Mustafa, 2. Mustafa, 4. Mustafa, 2. Osman, 3. Selim. \u00dc\u00e7te birinin sonu pek hayrolmad\u0131. Bak\u0131n bu trajedinin iki sebebi vard\u0131: Biri kendi yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131, ikincisi kendi yak\u0131n \u00e7evresi ya da atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015filer olmaktayd\u0131\u2026 3\u2019\u00fc ise sa\u011fl\u0131k sebebi ile k\u0131sa s\u00fcre kald\u0131lar ve ard\u0131ndan al\u0131nd\u0131lar… <\/em><\/strong>Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019i Erdo\u011fan\u2019la \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftiren tehlikeli bir benzetme yap\u0131yorlar. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019i indirenleri o g\u00f6revlere atayan da Abd\u00fclhamid de\u011fil mi idi? Tamam, varsayal\u0131m birileri Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019i anlamad\u0131, peki Abd\u00fclhamid, mesela Elmal\u0131l\u0131 Hamdi Yaz\u0131r\u2019\u0131, Filozof R\u0131za Tevfik\u2019i, Mehmet Akif\u2019i, \u015eeyh\u00fclislam Mustafa Sabri\u2019yi, Said-i Nursi\u2019yi, Babanzade\u2019yi, Hasan Basri \u00c7antay\u2019\u0131, \u0130skilipli At\u0131f\u2019\u0131 ne kadar anlad\u0131?\u00a0Bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7 hatas\u0131 yoktu demiyorum ama Abd\u00fclhamid de hatas\u0131z san\u0131lmas\u0131nd\u0131\u2026 Abd\u00fclhamid sonras\u0131 gelen gideni arat\u0131nca elbette pi\u015fmanl\u0131k ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ama bu son s\u00fcrecin tabii sonucu idi ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te herkesin hatas\u0131 vard\u0131!\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>diyen Dilipak, hem t\u00fcm Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fahlar\u0131, hem de \u00f6zellikle Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid Han\u2019la al\u00e2kal\u0131, kas\u0131tl\u0131 bir suizan olu\u015fturma\u2026 Hatta Abd\u00fclhamid Han\u2019a y\u00f6nelik Siyonist ve emperyalist tertiplere, bilerek veya bilmeyerek alet olanlar\u0131 aklama ve hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karma \u00e7abas\u0131ndayd\u0131!<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Mustafa \u0130slamo\u011flu\u2019nun; Ayasofya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131!<\/strong><\/span><\/p> DW T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de Nev\u015fin Meng\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn program\u0131na konuk olan ilahiyat\u00e7\u0131 yazar Mustafa \u0130slamo\u011flu, Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n camiye \u00e7evrilmesinin Kur\u2019an\u2019a ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu<\/em> s\u00f6yleyip z\u0131rvalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ali Erba\u015f\u2019\u0131n Ayasofya Camii\u2019nin hutbesine k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na de\u011finen \u0130slamo\u011flu, \u015fu ifadeleri kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: <\/strong><\/span><\/p> \u201cBug\u00fcn Fetih Suresi\u2019ni okuyorlar \u0130stanbul\u2019un al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131nda. Ne kadar cehalet var g\u00f6r\u00fcyor musunuz, fark\u0131nda m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z? Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la hutbeye \u00e7\u0131kmalar falan yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, fetih bu san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r! Fetih asl\u0131nda bir insan y\u00fcre\u011finin fethedilmesidir. \u0130ki insan y\u00fcre\u011finin bulu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p> Eski Ayasofya Camii Ba\u015f \u0130mam\u0131, Marmara \u00dcniversitesi \u0130lahiyat Fak\u00fcltesi hocas\u0131 Prof. Dr. Mehmet Boynukal\u0131n, \u0130slamo\u011flu’nun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak, “Allah hidayet versin, Kur’an’\u0131 do\u011fru anlamay\u0131 nasip etsin…”<\/em><\/strong> \u015feklinde uyarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Evet istismar ama\u00e7l\u0131 ve oy toplama hesapl\u0131 olarak \u201cAyasofya\u201dn\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, ne denli halis niyetten uzaksa, Mustafa \u0130slamo\u011flu\u2019nun \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve \u00e7arp\u0131tmalar\u0131 da o denli haks\u0131z ve kas\u0131tl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Milli G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan tevbe eden Mustafa \u0130slamo\u011flu, DE\u0130ZM\u2019in yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 olumlu bulmaktayd\u0131!?<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Yazar Mustafa \u0130slamo\u011flu, Karar TV’de Elif \u00c7ak\u0131r ve Y\u0131ld\u0131ray O\u011fur’un sorular\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131tlarken: <\/strong><\/span><\/p> ”En \u00e7ok pi\u015fman oldu\u011fum \u015fey bir d\u00f6nemimi \u0130slamc\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7irmek, 84 milyonun s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131vazlasak h\u00fcng\u00fcr h\u00fcng\u00fcr a\u011flar\u0131z. Bir \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck ipli\u011fe h\u00fclya dizmi\u015fiz tevbe etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum!..”<\/em><\/strong> ifadelerini kullanm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye’de \u0130slami hareketin y\u00fckseli\u015fine, iktidar olu\u015funa ve geldi\u011fi noktaya dair a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/strong><\/span><\/p> ”Ben (AKP iktidarlar\u0131n\u0131n ve hayal k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n) \u00e7ok faydal\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ne olmamam\u0131z ve ne yapmamam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendik, i\u00e7imizdeki canavar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck. \u00c7ok yararl\u0131 oldu, manzaray\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck, i\u00e7imizde sakl\u0131 olan d\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u015eu geldi\u011fim noktaya nas\u0131l gelirdim yoksa, kendime inand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir yaland\u0131 bu. Yalan\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olmam\u0131z bile kazan\u0131md\u0131r. Bunun maliyeti \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r ve daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015facak \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc dibi g\u00f6rmedik daha. Akli fren sistemleri iflas etmi\u015ftir. Bu trenin imdat freni yok maalesef. \u00dcz\u00fcl\u00fcyorum ama yok!..”<\/em><\/strong> ifadelerini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Gen\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda <\/strong>\u201cDeizmin\u201d <\/strong>yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 normal ve olumlu bir geli\u015fme olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirten \u0130slamo\u011flu,<\/strong> ”Zira ondan evvel (gen\u00e7lerin) inan\u0131yormu\u015f gibi yapma olay\u0131 daha felaketti. Hi\u00e7bir \u015feye inanc\u0131 yoktu asl\u0131nda, ne kitab\u0131, ne dini, ne iman\u0131 (tam ve sa\u011flam bilmiyorlard\u0131)\u2026 Ama Allah’\u0131 da, dini de, iman\u0131 da; her konuya, \u00e7aya \u00e7orbaya bile limon gibi s\u0131kan bir tip d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn, bu kime yarar? Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu(g\u00fcnk\u00fc DE\u0130ZM) bir kazan\u0131m say\u0131l\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sorgulayan bir ak\u0131l en b\u00fcy\u00fck kazan\u0131md\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek, ac\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 olsa da yararl\u0131d\u0131r. Ger\u00e7e\u011fi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olman\u0131n bedeli varsa bu bedeli \u00f6deyelim art\u0131k… A\u011f\u0131rsa olsun, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sonsuza kadar uyuyamay\u0131z. Uyku ne kadar derinse uyand\u0131rman\u0131n sars\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 da o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olmal\u0131. \u015eu anda bir \u015fok durumu ya\u015f\u0131yoruz”<\/em><\/strong> \u015feklindeki s\u00f6zleriyle ger\u00e7ek ayar\u0131n\u0131 ve amac\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015flard\u0131.<\/strong><\/span><\/p> \u201cBen kendi ad\u0131ma tevbe etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. En \u00e7ok pi\u015fman oldu\u011fum \u015fey, bir d\u00f6nemimi \u0130slamc\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7irmektir. <\/em><\/strong>(Yani Milli G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f istikametinde ve Hakk\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyeti hedefiyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetlerden pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duyuyor!..) Bu 70-80-90’l\u0131 d\u00f6nemler, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ben k\u00f6kten geliyorum. Milli T\u00fcrk Talebe Birli\u011fi, Ak\u0131nc\u0131lar gibi. T\u00fcrkiye’nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fcnyas\u0131na hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r katk\u0131larda bulunmu\u015f bir dostla dertle\u015ftik. O da dokunsan a\u011flayacak gibiydi, ben de \u00f6yleydim. Ger\u00e7i 84 milyonun s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131vazlasak h\u00fcng\u00fcr h\u00fcng\u00fcr a\u011flar\u0131z. Kula\u011f\u0131na e\u011filip <\/em><\/strong>‘Bir \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck ipli\u011fe h\u00fclya dizmi\u015fiz’ <\/em><\/strong>dedim. Ki\u015fi s\u0131nanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnah\u0131n masumu de\u011fildir.”\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>diyen Mustafa \u0130slamo\u011flu\u2019na Siyonist-emperyalist odaklar\u0131n g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcndeki Human Rights Watch Hellmann-Hammett \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc (1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda) takmalar\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 \u015fimdi daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktayd\u0131!? Mustafa \u0130slamo\u011flu\u2019nun as\u0131l amac\u0131; kendisinin de y\u0131llarca alk\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve arka \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Erdo\u011fan iktidarlar\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik, sosyal, ahl\u00e2ki ve ailevi tahribatlar\u0131n\u0131 bahane ederek, Erbakan D\u00f6nemini ve Milli G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini k\u00f6t\u00fclemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131. Ve zaten, Erbakan\u2019\u0131n Refah-Yol iktidar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kan, Erdo\u011fan\u2019a f\u0131rsat sa\u011flay\u0131p iktidara ta\u015f\u0131yan Siyonist odaklar\u0131n Mustafa \u0130slamo\u011flu gibilerini kiralay\u0131p kullanmalar\u0131 da bu hesapl\u0131yd\u0131!..<\/strong><\/span><\/p> (Not: DE\u0130ZM; \u201cAllah vard\u0131r, ama k\u00e2inat\u0131 ve tabiat\u0131 yarat\u0131p b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6yle her \u015feye kar\u0131\u015fmamaktad\u0131r. \u0130nsanlara ak\u0131l verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in, ayr\u0131ca Peygambere ve Kutsal Kitaplara ihtiya\u00e7 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d \u015feklindeki sapk\u0131n inan\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Sultan 2. Abd\u00fclhamid ve \u00dcst\u00fcn Ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun zor d\u00f6nemlerinde 33 y\u0131l tahtta kalan Sultan 2. Abd\u00fclhamid, pek \u00e7ok y\u00f6nleriyle \u00f6rnek al\u0131nacak m\u00fcstesna bir Padi\u015faht\u0131. Babas\u0131 Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid, annesi ise Tirim\u00fcjgan Kad\u0131nefendi olan Abd\u00fclhamid, 21 Eyl\u00fcl 1842\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019da g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hen\u00fcz 10 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken annesini veremden kaybeden Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in babas\u0131 Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid ise 1861\u2019de 38 ya\u015f\u0131nda bu d\u00fcnyadan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. II. Abd\u00fclhamid, g\u00fcya me\u015fruti bir y\u00f6netim kurmak isteyen \u0131slahat\u00e7\u0131 ve \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi baz\u0131 devlet adam\u0131 ve idarecilerin, Sultan Abd\u00fclaziz ile 5. Murad\u2019\u0131 tahttan indirmelerinden sonra 31 A\u011fustos 1876\u2019da 34. Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fah\u0131 olarak tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/span><\/p> Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid d\u00f6neminde at\u0131lan modernle\u015fme ad\u0131mlar\u0131:<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid d\u00f6neminde e\u011fitim, bay\u0131nd\u0131rl\u0131k ve tar\u0131m alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131. 1876-1908\u2019de iptidailer 200\u2019den 4-5 bine, s\u00fcbyan mektepleri 10 bine, r\u00fc\u015ftiyeler 250\u2019den 600\u2019e, idadiler 5\u2019ten 104\u2019e ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretmen yeti\u015ftiren y\u00fcksekokul olan Dar\u00fclmuallimin say\u0131s\u0131 ise 32\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca tar\u0131m, maliye, hukuk, baytar, ticaret, ziraat ve daha bir\u00e7ok alanda \u00e7ok say\u0131da meslek y\u00fcksekokullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Spor dallar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek anlamda \u00e7e\u015fitlenmesine, toplumsal ve yararl\u0131 bir e\u011flence k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc haline gelmesine ve bunlar\u0131n bilimsel anlamda \u00f6\u011frenilmesine y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrk futbolunun \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck kul\u00fcb\u00fc Fenerbah\u00e7e, Galatasaray ve Be\u015fikta\u015f, Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in saltanat y\u0131llar\u0131nda kurulmu\u015flard\u0131. II. Abd\u00fclhamid, ba\u015fta \u0130stanbul olmak \u00fczere imparatorlu\u011fun \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fehirlerinin \u00f6nemli foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren \u00e7ok de\u011ferli alb\u00fcmler koleksiyonu haz\u0131rlatt\u0131. Haydarpa\u015fa T\u0131bbiyesi<\/em><\/strong> ve kendi paras\u0131yla yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015ei\u015fli Etfal Hastanesi<\/em><\/strong> ile bir k\u0131s\u0131m masraflar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fahsi kesesinden kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Dar\u00fclaceze<\/em><\/strong>, onun sa\u011fl\u0131k ve sosyal yard\u0131m alanlar\u0131nda att\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131yd\u0131. Ticaret, ziraat ve sanayi odalar\u0131 da yine Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid zaman\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli \u015fehirlerde atl\u0131 ve elektrikli tramvaylar, d\u00fczenli r\u0131ht\u0131mlar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Hicaz ve Basra\u2019ya kadar telgraf hatlar\u0131 \u00e7ekilmesi tamamland\u0131. Tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 25. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc an\u0131s\u0131na Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u015fehrinde saat kuleleri yap\u0131ld\u0131. Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid d\u00f6neminde askeri r\u00fc\u015ftiyeler ve idadilerin say\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Ordu yeni silahlarla donat\u0131ld\u0131. Hukuk alan\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131. Ceza usul\u00fc ve ticaret usul\u00fc kanunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Bat\u0131 \u00f6rneklerine g\u00f6re polis te\u015fkilat\u0131 yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bat\u0131 m\u00fczi\u011fine, opera ve tiyatroya da ilgi duyan II. Abd\u00fclhamid bunlar\u0131n Milli b\u00fcnyemize uygun ve uygar taraflar\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Saraydaki harcamalar konusunda ise titiz davrand\u0131. L\u00fcks ve gereksiz masraflar\u0131 k\u0131san Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid, sade bir hayat ya\u015fad\u0131.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p> Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in Destans\u0131 Cihad\u0131!<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun 34.\u00a0Padi\u015fah\u0131\u00a0ve 113.\u00a0\u0130slam Halifesi olan Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid Han, Siyonizm\u2019e ve emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 dik duru\u015fuyla ve y\u00fcksek siyaset ve strateji dehas\u0131yla, m\u00fc\u2019min g\u00f6n\u00fcllerde taht kurmu\u015f bir \u015fahsiyettir. II. Abd\u00fclhamid Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun 34.\u00a0Padi\u015fah\u0131\u00a0ve 113.\u00a0\u0130slam Halifesidir. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu taht\u0131nda 33 y\u0131l bu millete ve \u00fclkeye hizmet etmi\u015ftir. Bunal\u0131ml\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde tahta \u00e7\u0131kan Abd\u00fclhamid,\u00a0Bat\u0131’ya kar\u015f\u0131 dik duru\u015fun ve Siyonist komplolar\u0131 durduru\u015fun simgesi olmu\u015f birisidir. Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid\u2019in o\u011flu olan Abd\u00fclhamid Han, 21 Eyl\u00fcl 1842 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul’da d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015ftir. 10 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken annesi Tirim\u00fcjgan Sultan vefat etmi\u015f, kendisine Abd\u00fclmecid\u2019in di\u011fer e\u015fi olan ve \u00e7ocu\u011fu olmayan Perest\u00fb Kad\u0131n bakm\u0131\u015f, Abd\u00fclmecid\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Abd\u00fclhamid Han\u2019\u0131n e\u011fitimi ile amcas\u0131 Abd\u00fclaziz yak\u0131ndan ilgilenmi\u015ftir: Bunal\u0131ml\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem ge\u00e7iren Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7en Abd\u00fclhamid Han, Bat\u0131\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 dik ve dikkatli hareket etmi\u015f, Do\u011fu\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130slam karde\u015fli\u011fi politikas\u0131 izlemi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p> Padi\u015fahl\u0131k Y\u0131llar\u0131:<\/strong><\/span><\/p> D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na nizam\u0131, selameti, refah\u0131, fazileti ve saadeti, k\u0131saca \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcren ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc neslin en g\u00fczide \u00f6rneklerinden biri olan Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid Han, \u00fclkemize e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k, bilim ve manevi alanda y\u00fczlerce eser kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f bir \u015fahsiyettir. Dine olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00fczel ahl\u00e2k\u0131, edep ve hay\u00e2s\u0131, ak\u0131l ve adaletiyle \u00f6rneklik te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u00e7erisinde Ortado\u011fu\u2019da ya\u015fanan dram\u0131, bundan tam bir as\u0131r \u00f6nce g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na e\u015fsiz bir m\u00fccadele \u00f6rne\u011fi sergilemi\u015ftir. O, ortaya koydu\u011fu m\u00fccadelenin, iktidar\u0131n\u0131n sonunu getirebilece\u011fini de kestirmi\u015fti. Ama onun kayg\u0131s\u0131 taht\u0131 de\u011fil, milletinin selametiydi. Bedeli ne olursa olsun, taviz vermeden m\u00fccadelesini devam ettirmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p> \u201cSiyonist Yahudilerin Filistin\u2019de devlet kurma iste\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n silinece\u011finin\u201d<\/em><\/strong> teklifinde bulunan Yahudilerin \u00f6nderi Theodor Herzl\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 Abd\u00fclhamid Han, \u201cBen bir kar\u0131\u015f dahi olsa vatan topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 satmam, zira bu vatan bana de\u011fil milletime aittir. Milletim de bu topraklar\u0131 ancak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiyata verir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu topraklar kanla al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak kanla verilir!\u201d<\/em> diyecek kadar cesaret ve dirayet sahibidir.<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Abd\u00fclhamid Han\u2019\u0131n Vefat\u0131!<\/strong><\/span><\/p> 31 Mart ayaklanmas\u0131yla tahttan indirilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan II. Abd\u00fclhamid, 3 y\u0131l Selanik’teki Alatini K\u00f6\u015fk\u00fc’nde ev hapsinde bekletilmi\u015f, 1912 senesinde Beylerbeyi Saray\u0131’na getirilmi\u015ftir. Bundan 6 sene sonra 10 \u015eubat 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da vefat eden II. Abd\u00fclhamid, Divanyolu\u2019nda bulunan Sultan II. Mahmut T\u00fcrbesi’nde defnedilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Abd\u00fclhamid Han\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u00fclkeye kazand\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131!<\/strong><\/span><\/p> M\u00fclkiye (Siyasal Bilgiler) Fak\u00fclte d\u00fczeyine ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi, Halkal\u0131 Ziraat ve Veterinerlik Fak\u00fclteleri e\u011fitime ba\u015flad\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk Di\u015f\u00e7ilik Fak\u00fcltesini Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid Han a\u00e7t\u0131. G\u00fczel Sanatlar Fak\u00fcltesi, Ticaret Fak\u00fcltesi, Y\u00fcksek M\u00fchendislik Fak\u00fcltesi, D\u00e2r\u00fclmuallim\u00e2t (K\u0131z \u00d6\u011fretmen Okulu), b\u00fct\u00fcn yurtta \u0130dadiler (Liseler), A\u015firet Okullar\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn yurtta R\u00fc\u015fdiyeler (Ortaokullar) onun zaman\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda Paris \u0130slam K\u00fclliyesi\u2019ni<\/em> kuran Padi\u015faht\u0131. <\/strong><\/span><\/p> Onun d\u00f6neminde memurlara sicil tutulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Eski Eserler M\u00fczesi yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Muhasebat Divan\u0131 (Say\u0131\u015ftay) kuruldu. Terkos Suyu hizmete sokuldu. Ziraat Bankas\u0131 kuruldu. Bursa\u2019da \u0130pekhane a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Emekli Sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuruldu. Bursa Demiryolu, Kud\u00fcs Demiryolu, Ankara Demiryolu tamamland\u0131. Selanik-Manast\u0131r Demiryolu, \u015eam Demiryolu, Eski\u015fehir-K\u00fctahya Demiryolu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Beyrut Demiryolu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Afyon-Konya Demiryolu tamamland\u0131. \u0130stanbul-Selanik Demiryolu, \u015eam-Halep Demiryolu, Hama Demiryolu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. K\u00e2\u011f\u0131t Fabrikas\u0131, Kad\u0131k\u00f6y Gazhanesi, Beyrut\u2019ta liman ve r\u0131ht\u0131m binas\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Sigorta \u015eirketi kuruldu.<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Ayr\u0131ca Kad\u0131k\u00f6y Su Tesisat\u0131 hizmete girdi. Galata R\u0131ht\u0131m\u0131 in\u015fa edildi. Dar\u00fclaceze (Kimsesizler Yurdu) hizmete girdi. Mum Fabrikas\u0131 kuruldu. Sak\u0131z Adas\u0131\u2019nda Liman ve R\u0131ht\u0131m in\u015faa edildi. Tuna Nehri\u2019nde Demirkap\u0131 Kanal\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. \u015ei\u015fli Etfal Hastanesi hizmete girdi. Hicaz Telgraf hatt\u0131 kuruldu. Basra-Hindistan Telgraf hatt\u0131 Beyo\u011flu\u2019na ba\u011fland\u0131. <\/strong><\/span><\/p> Hamidiye Suyu hizmete girdi. Selanik\u2019te Liman ve R\u0131ht\u0131m in\u015faas\u0131 bitirildi. Haydarpa\u015fa Liman ve R\u0131ht\u0131m\u0131 in\u015faa edildi.<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Sirkeci Gar\u0131 ve Haydarpa\u015fa Gar\u0131 tamamland\u0131. Maden Fak\u00fcltesi a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. \u015eam T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Haydarpa\u015fa Askeri T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Trablus-Bingazi Telgraf hatt\u0131 kuruldu. Konya Ere\u011flisi\u2019nde demiryolu hizmete sokuldu. Trablus Telsiz \u0130stasyonu kuruldu. B\u00fct\u00fcn yurtta Telsiz \u0130stasyonlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Medine Telgraf Hatt\u0131 tamamland\u0131. \u015eam\u2019da Elektrikli Tramvay hizmete al\u0131nd\u0131. Hicaz Demiryolu hizmete a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. 27 A\u011fustos\u2019ta \u0130stanbul\u2019dan kalkan tren, 3 g\u00fcn sonra Medine\u2019ye ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Pekin\u2019de \u00fcniversite kurdurdu. (Daru\u2019l Ulumi\u2019l Hamidiye = Hamidiye \u00dcniversitesi a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.) Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da her y\u0131l 30 bin saks\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131p \u00e7i\u00e7ek ektirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid Han\u2019\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ve anlaml\u0131 giri\u015fimlerinden birisi de, eski harfler yerine; T\u00fcrk\u00e7emize daha uygun bulunan, herkes taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenilip kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 daha kolay olan Latin Alfabesine ge\u00e7i\u015f aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak, baz\u0131 \u00e7evrelerin yo\u011fun bask\u0131lar\u0131 sonucu bu niyet ask\u0131ya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131!<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Latin Alfabesine Ge\u00e7i\u015f A\u015famalar\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/p> B\u00e2b-\u0131 Ali denilen Sadrazam (Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k) binalar\u0131 ve Bakanl\u0131k kadrolar\u0131 b\u00fcrokrasisi, dev\u015firme sisteminin sona ermesi \u00fczerine, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda (\u00f6zellikle Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019den sonra) Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 konumuna y\u00fckseldi. \u201cEfendilerin Pa\u015fa olmas\u0131\u201d<\/em><\/strong> s\u00f6zleriyle tan\u0131mlanan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, devletin \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00fcrolar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve \u201ckalemiyye\u201d<\/strong> diye an\u0131lan k\u00e2tip s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, yava\u015f yava\u015f y\u00fcksek memurluklar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi. \u0130lk olarak Amerikal\u0131 tarih\u00e7i Norman Itzkowitz\u2019in dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm sonucunda, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki 37 ba\u015f defterdar\u0131n 28’i maliye b\u00fcrokrasisinden, 26\u2019s\u0131 reis\u00fc\u2019l-k\u00fcttab\u0131n, 16’s\u0131 ise o zaman\u0131n \u201cd\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d diyebilece\u011fimiz reis\u00fc\u2019l-k\u00fcttapl\u0131k b\u00fcrosundan yeti\u015fip gelmi\u015ftir. Bu durumu, bi\u00e7imsel olarak II. Mahmut d\u00f6neminde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak olan nezaretlerin (bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n), i\u015flevsel olarak 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda olu\u015ftuklar\u0131n\u0131 belirterek tan\u0131mlamak da uygun d\u00fc\u015fecektir.<\/span><\/p> B\u00fcrokrasinin a\u011fdal\u0131, resmi dilini kullanan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n egemenli\u011fi ise, yaz\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin de a\u011fdal\u0131 bir \u00fcsluba do\u011fru kaymas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. D\u00fczyaz\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc ile devlet memurlar\u0131n\u0131n, ya da en az\u0131ndan devlet memurlu\u011funda yeti\u015fmi\u015flerin tekelinde oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde b\u00f6ylesi bir geli\u015fme gayet do\u011fald\u0131. Ancak bu zamanla, konu\u015fma diline de yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylece, yayg\u0131n olmayan, yakas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131k s\u00f6zc\u00fckler ya da deyimler kullananlara ili\u015fkin ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131 \u201cak\u0131ll\u0131lar, bilgililer\u201d<\/em> olan, <\/strong>\u201cukal\u00e2\u201d <\/strong>s\u0131fat\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. <\/strong><\/span><\/p> Eski bilinen bir s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren b\u00f6yle yeni bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131r olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir nedeni de, Sultan II. Mahmut<\/strong> d\u00f6neminden itibaren T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede bir yal\u0131nla\u015fma ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu geli\u015fmenin k\u00f6keninde ise gazetenin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 yatmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin resmi gazetesi olan Takvim-i Vek\u00e2yi<\/em><\/strong>\u2019nin (1831), T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin yal\u0131nla\u015fma s\u00fcrecinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc vard\u0131r. Ne var ki bunun \u201chalk\u0131n anlayabilmesi\u201d i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lmamal\u0131yd\u0131. Takvim-i Vek\u00e2yi, halk okusun da \u00f6\u011frensin diye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Amac\u0131, devlet memurlar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de gen\u00e7, hen\u00fcz yeterince bilgili ve deneyimli olmayanlar\u0131, bir de, merkezden uzak bulunanlar\u0131 bilgilendirmekti. Ama k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra halk\u0131n okumas\u0131 i\u00e7in de gazete \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Cer\u00eede-i Hav\u00e2dis<\/em><\/strong> (1840) gazetesiyle ba\u015flayan bu yeni s\u00fcre\u00e7te ise, olan bitenin ortalama vatanda\u015fa yorumlu, yani siyasal ele\u015ftiri ile aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7abas\u0131, dilde yal\u0131nla\u015fmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131. S\u00f6z konusu yal\u0131nla\u015fmaya as\u0131l ivme kazand\u0131ran geli\u015fme ise, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Tanzimat\u2019la birlikte bir kamu e\u011fitimi politikas\u0131 ba\u015flatmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bilindi\u011fi gibi, s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6neme kadar devletin verdi\u011fi e\u011fitim, eskiden oldu\u011fu gibi, yaln\u0131zca devlet i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak olanlara hast\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, T\u0131bbiye\u2019yi<\/strong> ya da Harbiye’yi<\/strong> kuran devlet, ilk\u00f6\u011fretime eskisi gibi kar\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f, bunu camilerin bir t\u00fcr yan kurulu\u015fu olan geleneksel mekteplere b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Modern e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 b\u00f6ylece 1840\u2019lar\u0131n sonunu bulacakt\u0131 ve ba\u015fkent \u0130stanbul’da kurulan ilk model okullar hemen ta\u015frada da 1850\u2019lerde a\u00e7\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu geli\u015fme, 1857\u2019de Maarif Nezareti\u2019nin (E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131) kurulmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Bu tarihten sonra Osmanl\u0131 Devleti daha kapsaml\u0131 e\u011fitim programlar\u0131 uygulayacak ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin yal\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katk\u0131 yapacakt\u0131.<\/span><\/p> T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin<\/strong> Arap harfleriyle yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sorun oldu\u011funa ve Latin Alfabesinin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n belki daha yararl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin ilk tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n hemen 1860’larda ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni, e\u011fitimin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sonucu olan yal\u0131nla\u015fma s\u00fcreci olmaktayd\u0131. Zira yeni okullarda okutulacak kitaplar\u0131n, ister istemez \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n anlayabilece\u011fi, daha yal\u0131n bir dille yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 bir ihtiya\u00e7t\u0131. Nitekim kurulmas\u0131ndan itibaren on y\u0131llar boyunca Maarif Nezareti\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flerin biri de, yerel y\u00f6neticilerden bulunduklar\u0131 y\u00f6relerde kullan\u0131lan ve yay\u0131mlanacak kitaplarda kullan\u0131lacak olan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri toplay\u0131p bakanl\u0131\u011fa yazmalar\u0131n\u0131 istemek olmu\u015ftur. Ancak bu da bir yaz\u0131m sorunu ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na ve e\u011fitimde t\u00f6kezlemelere yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. <\/strong><\/span><\/p> Yani, Latin Alfabesine ge\u00e7i\u015f aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131, bir ihtiyac\u0131n eseri olarak, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019ten 60 sene \u00f6ncesinde ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u2026 Hatta Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid Han bile bu y\u00f6nde ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapm\u0131\u015f\u2026 Ancak malum \u00e7evrelerin yo\u011fun itirazlar\u0131 ve halk\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bir ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. E\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimin halk\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsayacak \u015fekilde yayg\u0131nla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131\u2026 Eski yaz\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lma zorluklar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye uyum s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131\u2026 Latin Alfabesinin dilimize daha uygun bulunmas\u0131 ve okuyup-yazma kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi hakl\u0131 nedenlerle bir <\/strong>harf ink\u0131lab\u0131na<\/em><\/strong> ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131. Bu do\u011fal, normal ve hay\u0131rl\u0131 bir ad\u0131md\u0131. <\/strong>Yanl\u0131\u015f olan ve eksik b\u0131rak\u0131lan; e<\/strong>ski yaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamen yasaklanmas\u0131\u2026 Yeni yeti\u015fen neslin eski harflerle yaz\u0131lan tarihi eserleri ve belgeleri okuyup anlayamaz hale sokulmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Latin Alfabesine ge\u00e7i\u015fle beraber, eski harflerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na, okuyup yaz\u0131lmas\u0131na yasak konulmas\u0131 anlams\u0131zd\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bo\u015fluk olu\u015fturacakt\u0131\u2026 Evet baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fim ve devrimler, ani ve keskin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmleri ve ciddi tedbirleri almay\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lsa da, harf ink\u0131lab\u0131nda buna pek gerek kalmayacakt\u0131. Bir Milletin tarihinde \u00e7ok k\u0131sa say\u0131lacak bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te, okur-yazar oran\u0131n\u0131n %5\u2019lerden %95\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, harf devriminin gere\u011fini ve \u00f6nemini zaten ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. \u00dcstelik Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde okur-yazar oran\u0131n\u0131 %10\u2019larda g\u00f6sterenler de yan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu %10\u2019un yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 sadece \u201cokur\u201d, ama \u201cyazamazd\u0131\u201d\u2026 Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 ve baz\u0131 Osmanl\u0131ca kitaplar\u0131 okumas\u0131n\u0131 bilenlerin \u00e7o\u011fu, bunlar\u0131 yazamazlard\u0131.<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Hatta, Sultan Fatih, daha \u00e7ocukluk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Latin Alfabesini okuyup yazard\u0131!<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, tezhip ve hat sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve T\u0131p doktoru <\/strong>Ahmet S\u00fcheyl \u00dcnver<\/em><\/strong>\u2019in (1898-1986) tarihi tespitlerine g\u00f6re; Sultan Fatih Mehmet, hen\u00fcz \u015fehzadelik ve talebelik y\u0131llar\u0131nda, okuma-yazma \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi s\u0131ralarda, kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7izim ve ders notlar\u0131nda; \u00e7e\u015fitli bitki ve \u00e7i\u00e7ek resimleri, ku\u015f, hayvan ve hocalar\u0131na ait oldu\u011fu san\u0131lan insan fig\u00fcrleri yan\u0131nda, Yunan ve Latin Alfabesindeki harfleri yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zaten Latin Alfabesini bilmeden Yunanca-Rumca ve \u0130talyanca \u00f6\u011frenmesi imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r. Yani harf devrimini G\u00c2VURLUK sananlar, yan\u0131lmakta ve yobazl\u0131k yapmaktad\u0131r!..<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Baz\u0131 toplumsal gerginliklerden kurtulma \u00e7abalar\u0131!<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Osmanl\u0131 modernle\u015fmesini ba\u015flatan olmasa da kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan Sultan II. Mahmut’un saltanat d\u00f6nemi (1808-1838), bir\u00e7ok toplumsal ve siyasal gerginli\u011fe sahne oldu\u011fu gibi, \u00e7ok uzun bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in Yak\u0131n \u00c7a\u011f Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrk tarihinin ana sorunlar\u0131ndan biri olacak devlet-toplum gerginli\u011finin de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem say\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c2yanlar\u0131n (Ta\u015fradaki b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n ve devlete \u00e7\u00f6reklenmi\u015f kodaman tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n) k\u00f6k\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta bu d\u00f6nemde kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, Yeni\u00e7eri ordusunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde sonland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve devlet yine bu d\u00f6nemde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, her ne kadar Tanzimat D\u00f6nemi\u2019ni 1839\u2019da ba\u015flatmaya al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fsak da, II. Mahmut’un Saltanat y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 bu d\u00f6neme katmak hi\u00e7 de yersiz olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p> Vilayet Meclislerinden Cumhuriyete Yakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131!<\/strong><\/span><\/p> Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran \u00e2yanl\u0131k,<\/strong> merkeziyet\u00e7i Osmanl\u0131 zihniyetinin hi\u00e7bir zaman kabullenemedi\u011fi bir kurumdu. Ancak, II. Mahmut’un hemen 1810\u2019larda Anadolu ve Balkanlar’da k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc kaz\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e2yanlar, geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 ticarete y\u00f6nelik, ilkel bir tar\u0131m kapitalizminin temsilcileri olarak, bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde g\u00f6reli bir vefa sa\u011flayan, bu nedenle de halk\u0131 soymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan devlet memurlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda toplumun yan\u0131nda yer alan insanlard\u0131. 4 Ekim 1922\u2019de, \u0130tilaf Devletlerine verilmek \u00fczere TBMM\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen, \u0130stanbul\u2019un gelece\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir notada, \u201cHilafet-i \u0130slamiye\u2019nin makarr\u0131 olan \u0130stanbul\u201d<\/em><\/strong> bi\u00e7iminde bir kay\u0131tla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz. Yani Saltanat\u2019tan ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin ba\u015fkentinden s\u00f6z edilmiyordu…\u00a0 Bu durum, Mudanya B\u0131rak\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonra Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin temsilcisi olarak 19 Ekim\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelen Refet (Bele) Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n gerek Kabata\u015f\u2019ta kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada sarf etti\u011fi s\u00f6zlerle, gerekse, iki g\u00fcn sonra, \u0130stanbul\u2019daki h\u00fck\u00fcmetin D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Ahmet \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa\u2019ya verdi\u011fi muht\u0131ran\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fiyle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Refet Pa\u015fa, kendisine Padi\u015fah ve Halife ad\u0131na ho\u015f geldiniz diyen Saray temsilcisine verdi\u011fi yan\u0131tta yaln\u0131zca Halife Hazretlerine te\u015fekk\u00fcr ediyorlard\u0131. Veliaht Abd\u00fclmecid Efendi\u2019nin iyi niyet s\u00f6zlerini ileten temsilcisine de, \u201cHalifeli\u011fin Veliaht\u0131na\u201d<\/strong> te\u015fekk\u00fcrlerini bildirmesini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlard\u0131. \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa\u2019ya verdi\u011fi muht\u0131rada ise, \u00f6zetle, \u015funlar yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r: \u201cArt\u0131k \u0130stanbul\u2019daki devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 yaln\u0131zca \u201cHalife\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r, bu devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fbakan atama yetkisi olmayacak, TBMM\u2019nin se\u00e7ti\u011fi ba\u015fbakan\u0131 onaylamak zorunda olacakt\u0131r ve Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ni resmen tan\u0131yacakt\u0131r. Bu son ko\u015ful \u0130stanbul\u2019daki h\u00fck\u00fcmetin istifas\u0131 demek oldu\u011fundan, Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin de \u0130stanbul\u2019a bir vali tayin edece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r!\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p> G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi Ankara\u2019y\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019da temsil eden ki\u015fi, \u0130stanbul\u2019dakilere yepyeni bir devlet \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi sunmaktad\u0131r. \u201cHilafet Devleti\u201d diyebilece\u011fimiz bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmede ise devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n, 1909 Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinden sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Saltanat kurumu kadar bile yetkisi kalmayacakt\u0131r. Sonras\u0131nda neler oldu\u011funu iyi biliyoruz tabi. Sultan VI. Mehmet Vahdettin bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7birini kabule yana\u015fmayacak, \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Ahmet Tevfik Pa\u015fa da TBMM Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na bir telgraf g\u00f6ndererek Lozan\u2019daki bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine iki h\u00fck\u00fcmeti de temsil eden ortak bir delegasyonla kat\u0131lma arzusunu aktaracakt\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine TBMM galeyana gelecek, Sultan ve \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ne ili\u015fkin deli sa\u00e7mas\u0131 ya da ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olmayan baz\u0131 \u00f6nergeler dinlendikten sonra, 1 Kas\u0131m 1922 ak\u015fam\u0131 Saltanat kald\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p> \u015eimdi Nutuk<\/em>\u2019a d\u00f6nelim ve b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla Ali Fuat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131nda anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 19 Temmuz 1922 ak\u015fam\u0131 Refet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n evinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen sohbette sarf edilmi\u015f s\u00f6zlere bakal\u0131m.<\/strong>[1] Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, saltanat\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda Rauf Bey ve Refet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n nabz\u0131n\u0131 yoklamaktad\u0131r. Rauf Bey \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yler:<\/strong><\/span><\/p> \u201cBen, makam-\u0131 saltanat ve hilafete vicdanen ve hissen merbutum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc benim babam, Padi\u015fah\u0131n nan-\u00fc nimetiyle yeti\u015fmi\u015f, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin ricali s\u0131ras\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Benim de kan\u0131mda o nimetin zerrat\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ben nank\u00f6r de\u011filim ve olamam. Padi\u015faha muhafaza-i sadakat borcumdur. Halifeye merbutiyetim ise terbiyem icab\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlardan ba\u015fka, umumi m\u00fctaleam da vard\u0131r. Bizde vaziyet-i umumiyeyi tutmak g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Bunu ancak herkesin eri\u015femeyece\u011fi kadar y\u00fcksek g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir makam temin edebilir. O da, makam-\u0131 saltanat ve hilafettir. Bu makam\u0131 la\u011fvetmek, onun yerine ba\u015fka mahiyette bir mevcudiyet ikamesine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, felaket ve h\u00fcsran\u0131 muciptir.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p> Bunun \u00fczerine Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, Refet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n da fikrini \u00f6\u011frenmek ister. Refet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131t\u0131 da \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cTamamen Rauf Bey\u2019in fikir ve m\u00fctaleas\u0131na i\u015ftirak ederim. Filhakika, bizde Padi\u015fahl\u0131ktan, halifelikten ba\u015fka bir \u015fekl-i idare mevzu-\u0131 bahis olamaz.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>[2]<\/span><\/p> Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019nin bu \u00f6nemli ki\u015filerinin bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeden \u00fc\u00e7 ay sonra nas\u0131l davrand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlarsak b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlardan \u015fu sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir; o da, Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n 19 Temmuz ile 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1922 tarihleri aras\u0131nda, ba\u015fta bu ki\u015filer olmak \u00fczere, TBMM\u2019yi olu\u015fturanlar\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131, <\/em><\/strong>\u201cHilafet Devleti\u201d<\/em><\/strong>