[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\u0130ngiltere\u2019de, A\u015fk U\u011fruna Katolik Kilisesinden Kopu\u015f Ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131!<\/strong><\/p>Tudorlar, 7. Henry\u2019nin<\/strong>, 12 ila 15. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere taht\u0131n\u0131n sahibi Plantagenet Hanedan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 y\u0131kmas\u0131yla taht\u0131 ele alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Tahtta sadece 118 y\u0131l kalmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u0130ngiltere tarihinin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en etkili iki h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olan <\/strong>8. Henry ve k\u0131z\u0131 1. Elizabeth<\/em><\/strong> ile hem \u0130ngiltere, hem de d\u00fcnya tarihine yeni bir y\u00f6n verip, yeni bir yap\u0131lanman\u0131n yolunu a\u00e7m\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bu yeni yap\u0131lanmay\u0131 me\u015fhur Tudor Kral\u0131 8. Henry ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\u0130spanya Kral\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 ile evli olan abisi on be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcnce tahtla birlikte kar\u0131s\u0131 da Henry\u2019ye kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Henry, \u0130spanya ile \u0130ngiltere aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin bozulmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in siyasi olarak devam etmesi gereken bu evlili\u011fe mecbur kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Her taht sahibinin me\u015fhur erkek evlat derdi onu da vurmu\u015ftu. Ne var ki kendisine yedi hamilelik sonras\u0131nda sadece bir k\u0131z evlat veren <\/strong>Catherine of Aragon<\/strong>\u2019dan bir o\u011flu olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcmidini kesmi\u015f durumdayd\u0131. Bunda kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n nedimelerinden Anne Boleyn ile ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tutkulu a\u015fk\u0131n da pay\u0131 vard\u0131. Boleyn\u2019in evlenmeden birlikte olmama konusundaki karar\u0131n\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc a\u015famayan Henry, Katolik kilisesinin kurallar\u0131 gere\u011fi kar\u0131s\u0131ndan da bo\u015fanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma sonucunda radikal bir karar al\u0131r ve kendisini \u00e7evreleyen t\u00fcm din adamlar\u0131na ve Roma\u2019ya rest \u00e7ekerek Katolik kilisesinden ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Church of England (\u0130ngiltere Kilisesi) ad\u0131nda yeni bir kilise kurup Catherine of Aragon\u2019dan bo\u015fan\u0131r. Kurdu\u011fu bu yeni kilisede Tanr\u0131 ile aras\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm din adamlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kararak halk\u0131n \u00fczerinde kurduklar\u0131 bask\u0131lar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131r. Art\u0131k kendisi ve kendisinden sonra gelecek olan \u0130ngiltere taht\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki temsilcileri say\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Ancak bu karar\u0131n siyasi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kolay a\u015f\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r. Bunlarla ilgilenmek, a\u015fk\u0131 u\u011fruna Roma\u2019dan ayr\u0131l\u0131p sonra kafas\u0131n\u0131 kestirerek \u00f6ld\u00fcrtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Anne Boleyn\u2019den olan k\u0131z\u0131 1. Elizabeth\u2019e kal\u0131r.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>Katolik Kilisesinden Aforoz ve Sonras\u0131<\/strong><\/p>1. Elizabeth tahta oturduktan sonra, 1570’te Papa V. Pius taraf\u0131ndan Katolik kilisesinden resmen aforoz edilir. Bu basit bir kopu\u015f de\u011fildir. Papa, Katolik Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n, <\/strong>sadakatsiz ve g\u00e2vur \u0130ngiltere<\/em><\/strong> ile ticaret yapmas\u0131n\u0131 da yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ngiltere ile Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n geri kalan\u0131 aras\u0131nda teolojik temelli Brexit ya\u015fan\u0131r. Bu durumun \u0130ngiltere ile K\u0131ta Avrupas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki siyasi ve ticari t\u00fcm ili\u015fkileri etkilemesi do\u011fald\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u0130ngiltere\u2019den y\u00fcn almay\u0131 durdurmas\u0131 ile Elizabeth ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan zor bir d\u00f6neme girmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. \u015eimdi art\u0131k yeni pazarlara, yeni ili\u015fkilere, yeni bir m\u00fcttefike ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Aranan m\u00fcttefik, krali\u00e7enin ba\u015f dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 <\/strong>Sir Francis Walsingham\u2019\u0131n <\/strong>tavsiyesi ile bulunacakt\u0131r. \u00a0Bu m\u00fcttefik, 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n s\u00fcper g\u00fcc\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu olacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Elizabeth, daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7bir ileti\u015fiminin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, aralar\u0131nda ekonomik, siyasi hi\u00e7bir ili\u015fki kurulmam\u0131\u015f olan Osmanl\u0131lar ile yak\u0131nla\u015fman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 aramaktad\u0131r. Peki bu yak\u0131nl\u0131k nas\u0131l kurulacakt\u0131r?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>Osmanl\u0131 ile \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Ticaret \u0130li\u015fkisinin Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/strong><\/p>Sir Francis Walsingham, Osmanl\u0131lar ile \u00f6ncelikle ticaret ili\u015fkisi kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sal\u0131k verir. Bunun \u00fczerine 1575’te Londra ticaret camias\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7kin \u00fcyeleri Edward Osborne ve Richard Staper, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile ticari ili\u015fkiler kurma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ajanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019a (o g\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131 ile Konstantinopolis’e) g\u00f6nderirler. \u0130ki t\u00fcccar\u0131n temsilcileri oturma izni ve Osmanl\u0131 yetkililerinden \u0130ngiliz ticaretine kendi h\u00e2kimiyetleri dahilinde izin verme ve koruma s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc al\u0131rlar. Aralanan bu kap\u0131y\u0131 d\u00f6nemin se\u00e7kin t\u00fcccarlar\u0131ndan (Yahudi as\u0131ll\u0131) William Harborne de\u011ferlendirir. Bir grup i\u015f adam\u0131 ile birlikte Londra\u2019dan ayr\u0131larak Konstantinopolis\u2019e gidilir. Harborne\u2019un amac\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Sultan\u0131 ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ferek, ticari ili\u015fkilerin kurulup geli\u015ftirilmesini sa\u011flayacak anla\u015fmalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektir.<\/strong><\/p>Kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n \u0130lk Ad\u0131mlar\u0131!<\/strong><\/p>\u0130ngiltere heyeti, Osmanl\u0131 taht\u0131ndaki 3. Murad i\u00e7in s\u00fcrpriz bir yerden gelen yabanc\u0131lard\u0131r. Padi\u015fah, sadece harita \u00fczerinde yerini bildi\u011fi, \u00fcstelik bir kad\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen bu \u00fclkeye Sadrazam Sokollu Mehmed Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirmeleriyle olumlu yakla\u015f\u0131r. Her iki \u00fclke de \u0130spanya ile d\u00fc\u015fmand\u0131r. Dahas\u0131 Katolik Kilisesi her iki \u00fclkeyle ticaret yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Krali\u00e7e Elizabeth, 3. Murad\u2019a yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta \u2018Sizin oldu\u011fu gibi Katolikler benim de d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131m\u2019<\/em> diyerek m\u00fcttefikli\u011fin yolunu aralamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 tarihi boyunca s\u0131kl\u0131kla tekrarlanan \u2018D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131m\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 dostumdur!\u2019<\/em> kural\u0131 bir kez daha i\u015flemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ngiliz gemilerinin Osmanl\u0131 limanlar\u0131na yana\u015fmalar\u0131na ve \u0130ngilizlerin Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda ticaret yapmalar\u0131na izin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu izinler 1580\u2019de ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 hale getirilerek kapit\u00fclasyon halini alacakt\u0131r. Kapit\u00fclasyonlar Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu i\u00e7inde faaliyet g\u00f6sterecek olan \u0130ngilizlerin imtiyazl\u0131 stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc, hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini \u00f6zetleyen 22 maddeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 haklar Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 1922\u2019ye kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalacakt\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\u0130ngiltere ile Diplomatik \u0130li\u015fkiler ve Devam\u0131\u2026<\/strong><\/p>Ticaret ili\u015fkilerinin kurulmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan s\u0131ra el\u00e7i atamada ve diplomatik ili\u015fkilerin kurulmas\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in kal\u0131c\u0131 bir temsile ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Bu temsil, yine ticaret \u00fczerinden sa\u011flan\u0131r. Krali\u00e7e Elizabeth, Walsingham\u2019\u0131 dinleyerek 1581\u2019de <\/strong>The Levant or Turkey Company <\/em><\/strong>ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir \u015firket kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 onaylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0\u015eirketin ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcn m\u00fczakere yetene\u011fi, sab\u0131rl\u0131 ki\u015fili\u011fi ile bilenen se\u00e7kin i\u015f adamlar\u0131ndan William Harborne<\/em>\u2019u atam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu atama ile Harborne, Elizabeth’in de bizzat 40.000 sterlinlik hissesinin bulundu\u011fu Levant \u015eirketi\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ip Osmanl\u0131 Saray\u0131\u2019nda \u0130ngiltere’yi temsil edebilir bir konuma ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 20 Kas\u0131m 1582’de Krali\u00e7e Elizabeth’ten atanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik diplomatik belgeleri alan Harborne, Londra’dan Konstantinopolis’e yelken a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 26 Mart 1583 g\u00fcn\u00fc elindeki bu belgeleri Elizabeth\u2019in hediye olarak g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi k\u0131ymetli dokumalar, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f e\u015fyalar, be\u015f \u0130ngiliz k\u00f6pe\u011fi ve de\u011ferli bir saat ile birlikte Sultan 3. Murad\u2019a takdim ederek \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin bir T\u00fcrk devletine atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i olarak ad\u0131n\u0131 tarihe yazd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\u015eimdi s\u0131ra; iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki siyasi ili\u015fkilere, ortak d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 olan \u0130spanya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l bir politika izlenece\u011fine gelmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Ancak \u00f6nce 16. ve 17. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda yabanc\u0131 devletlerle hediyele\u015fmenin Osmanl\u0131lardaki rol\u00fcnden ve Krali\u00e7e 1. Elizabeth\u2019in g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi olduk\u00e7a ilgin\u00e7 bir hediyeden bahsetmemiz laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>Hediyelerle Kazan\u0131lan Ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar<\/strong><\/p>O d\u00f6nem Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin diplomatik ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerin temsilcilerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hediyele\u015fmenin \u00f6nemli olup bir\u00e7ok kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 hediyele\u015fmeler sonunda taraflar yak\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r. Sultan 3. Murad, birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar sadece haritadan hat\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ngiltere Krali\u00e7esi Elizabeth\u2019e yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta ondan <\/strong>\u2018en ho\u015f ya\u011fmurun bulutu, asalet ve erdemin en tatl\u0131 p\u0131nar\u0131\u2019<\/em><\/strong> diye s\u00f6z ederken, Elizabeth ona <\/strong>\u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk!\u2019 <\/strong>diye seslenip <\/strong>\u2018Hristiyan inanc\u0131n\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc putperestli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 en yenilmez ve en kudretli savunucusu Elizabeth’ten Do\u011fu \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun en egemen H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131na\u2019<\/em><\/strong> diye ba\u015flayan mektuplar yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de Osmanl\u0131lar \u00fczerinden kontrol sa\u011flamak isteyen \u0130ngiltere, ticari ve siyasi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak amac\u0131yla Sultan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcvenini kazanmak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel \u00e7abalar harcam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yahudi as\u0131ll\u0131 Harborne\u2019dan sonraki \u0130ngiltere B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi olan (di\u011fer Yahudi as\u0131ll\u0131) <\/strong>Edward Barton<\/strong>\u2019un, Krali\u00e7enin uzunca bir s\u00fcre hediye g\u00f6ndermemesi durumunda kendisine bir mektup g\u00f6ndererek hediye g\u00f6ndermesini hat\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ok iyi T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bilen Barton, mektuplar\u0131na di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden g\u00f6nderilen hediyelerin listesini de ekleyerek Krali\u00e7e\u2019nin bu hediyeler alt\u0131nda kalmay\u0131p daha g\u00f6z doldurucu arma\u011fanlar g\u00f6ndermesi mesaj\u0131n\u0131 da aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Krali\u00e7e Elizabeth, el\u00e7isinin verdi\u011fi tavsiyeleri e\u015fi benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir hediyeyle yan\u0131tlayacakt\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>Marifetli \u201cOrg\u201dun Ba\u015fard\u0131klar\u0131!<\/strong><\/p>\u0130ngiltere, Sultan 3. Murad\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ard\u0131ndan tahta 3. Mehmet ge\u00e7ti\u011finde var olan ticari anla\u015fmalar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve ili\u015fkilerin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir hediye aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yeni Sultana g\u00f6nderilecek hediye, iki devlet aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilere verilen \u00f6nemi g\u00f6sterecek kadar ihti\u015faml\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Elizabeth, konu \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan pek \u00e7ok tarih\u00e7inin tuhaf olarak de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi bir hediye karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>Whitehall Banqueting House\u2019da kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplant\u0131da \u00fczerindeki saate g\u00f6re zaman\u0131 geldi\u011finde kendi kendine farkl\u0131 m\u00fczikler \u00e7alarak \u00fczerindeki gizli b\u00f6lmelerin kapaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7e\u015fitli fig\u00fcrlerin m\u00fczi\u011fe uygun danslar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 orgu Sultan 3. Mehmet\u2019e g\u00f6nderilecek kadar de\u011ferli bulmaktad\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine orgun ustas\u0131 Thomas Dallam\u2019a sipari\u015f verilir. Sipari\u015f notunda <\/strong>bu orgun \u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk\u2019 i\u00e7in yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131,<\/em><\/strong> bir \u00e7alg\u0131c\u0131ya ihtiyac\u0131 olmadan, kendi kendine \u00e7al\u0131nacak \u015fekilde tasarlanmas\u0131\u2019 istenir. Org i\u00e7in gereken paray\u0131 <\/strong>Levant \u015eirketi<\/em><\/strong> \u00f6deyecektir.<\/strong><\/p>Usta Dallam orgu bitirdi\u011finde ortaya 3 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde ve 1.80 m geni\u015fli\u011finde acayip bir \u015fey \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fczik \u00e7alarken, ah\u015fap panelin i\u00e7indeki b\u00f6lmelerden \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen ve kanat \u00e7\u0131rpan ku\u015flar \u00e7\u0131karak m\u00fczi\u011fe e\u015flik etmektedir. Alt\u0131 saat boyunca kendi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7alabilen, saate g\u00f6re ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda on be\u015f dakikada bir \u015fark\u0131 \u00e7alan bu org, zaman\u0131na g\u00f6re bir tasar\u0131m harikas\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in konumunun ve Ay\u2019\u0131n evrelerinin de g\u00f6r\u00fclebildi\u011fi bu saatli orgun Konstantinapol\u2019e nas\u0131l ta\u015f\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 dahas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 saray m\u00fczi\u011finde yeri olmayan, o g\u00fcne kadar sesi hi\u00e7 duyulmam\u0131\u015f bu enstr\u00fcman\u0131n Sultan\u2019\u0131n huzurunda do\u011fru bi\u00e7imde \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131 problemi nas\u0131l a\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r?\u00a0Krali\u00e7e Elizabeth, bu g\u00f6revi orgun yap\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Dallam\u2019a verir.<\/strong><\/p>Dallam, demonte etti\u011fi orgu gemi ile Konstantinopolis\u2019e g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp orada kurduktan sonra Sultan\u2019\u0131n huzurunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r. Konuyu ilgin\u00e7 yapan \u015fey de bu \u00f6zel atamad\u0131r. Dallam, \u015eubat 1599\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve alt\u0131 ay s\u00fcrecek gemi yolculu\u011fu ile Osmanl\u0131 Saray\u0131\u2019nda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yazacakt\u0131r. Baz\u0131 g\u00fcnler tek bir sat\u0131r\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu bu g\u00fcnl\u00fckte yer yer komik anlat\u0131mlara rastlan\u0131r. Thomas Dallam, orgun Sultan\u2019a takdim edildi\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/strong><\/p>\u201cSultan b\u00fcy\u00fck taht\u0131na oturdu ve herkesin susmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti. Mutlak bir sessizlik sa\u011flan\u0131nca aya\u011fa kalk\u0131p saati \u00f6nce 10\u2019a ayarlad\u0131m.\u00a0On alt\u0131 \u00e7andan olu\u015fan bir zil d\u00f6rt par\u00e7al\u0131k bir melodi \u00e7almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. O bitince ikinci katta duran iki fig\u00fcr, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f trompetleri dudaklar\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler ve bir tantana \u00fcflediler. Ard\u0131ndan iki kez \u00e7al\u0131nan be\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fck bir \u015fark\u0131yla m\u00fczik ba\u015flad\u0131. Sonra da en tepedeki ku\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p kanat \u00e7\u0131rparak m\u00fczi\u011fe e\u015flik etti. Padi\u015fah hayret ve hayranl\u0131k i\u00e7inde izlemi\u015ftir. Kap\u0131 A\u011fas\u0131’na g\u00f6steriyi tekrar edip edemeyece\u011fini sordu. Bir saat i\u00e7inde yeniden olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledim. Ancak beklemek istemiyordu. Zeki bir adam olan Kap\u0131 A\u011fas\u0131, orgu \u200b\u200byirmi d\u00f6rt saatte sadece d\u00f6rt kez \u00e7alacak \u015fekilde ayarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 biliyordu. Ne yapabilece\u011fimi sordu. Ben de Padi\u015fah\u0131n bu kadar uzun s\u00fcre kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmedi\u011fim i\u00e7in bir \u015fey yapamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6yledim. Ama isterlerse \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fim gibi pim \u00fczerinden ayar yaparak \u00e7alabileceklerini anlatt\u0131m. Kap\u0131 A\u011fas\u0131 gitti ve \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fim \u015fekilde \u00e7ald\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine Padi\u015fah yerinden kalk\u0131p klavyenin tam \u00f6n\u00fcne oturdu ve kendi kendine hareket eden tu\u015flara e\u015flik etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sonra Kap\u0131 A\u011fas\u0131\u2019na d\u00f6nerek bunu \u00e7alabilecek kimse olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorunca A\u011fa bana d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Kap\u0131dan i\u00e7eri girdim ve g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerim kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fa\u015fk\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fcm. Sultan bana bakmak i\u00e7in kafas\u0131n\u0131 bile \u00e7evirmedi. Bu harika org kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek istememi\u015f, \u015fanl\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin onurunu zedelememi\u015ftir. \u00c7ok heybetliydi, arkas\u0131ndaki d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz ki\u015fi samimi bir sayg\u0131 i\u00e7indeydi.\u00a0Ba\u015fka bir d\u00fcnyaya ad\u0131m atm\u0131\u015f gibiydim.\u00a0Oturdum ve \u00e7almaya ba\u015flad\u0131m.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\u0130ngiltere ile \u0130rtibat\u0131n Kopmas\u0131 ve Org\u2019un K\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131!<\/strong><\/p>\u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131larla kurdu\u011fu ittifak Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin Katolik \u0130spanya’y\u0131 desteklemesini engellemede kilit rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yahudi as\u0131ll\u0131\u00a0William Harborne, Bab\u0131\u00e2li\u2019yi kolonyal \u0130spanya’n\u0131n t\u00fcm Avrupa i\u00e7in bir tehdit oldu\u011funa ikna etmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Oradaki Yahudileri koruma tela\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131. Osmanl\u0131larla askeri bir ittifak sa\u011flanamasa da 1587’de \u0130spanya ile Osmanl\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki protokol ask\u0131ya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kmasa da bir bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131 da imzalanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n \u0130ngiltere ile yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmalar\u0131n hepsi d\u00fczenli olarak tekrarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130ngiltere ile Osmanl\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bu anla\u015fmalar 343 y\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalacakt\u0131. 1. Elizabeth\u2019ten sonra tahta \u00e7\u0131kan <\/strong>1. James<\/strong>, \u0130spanya ile bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flayarak ticareti yeniden Avrupa\u2019ya \u00e7ekmeyi ba\u015faracak ve tarihin geli\u015fimine yeni bir y\u00f6n vermeye ba\u015flayacakt\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki yak\u0131nla\u015fman\u0131n izleri Krali\u00e7e Elizabeth\u2019in resmedildi\u011fi Tudor portrelerinden, Do\u011fu\u2019dan gelen incilerden, \u00fczerindeki \u0130ran’dan yollanan ipeklerden ve Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilen \u00f6zenle haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f pamuklu dokumalardan anla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Buna ek olarak d\u00f6nemin \u0130ngiliz tiyatrosunda Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndan karakterler yer almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Shakespeare ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n dikkatini \u00e7eken bu yak\u0131nla\u015fma 1580’lerin sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren Elizabeth d\u00f6nemi tiyatrosunda kendini g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1579 ile 1624 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130slami karakterlerin bulundu\u011fu, \u0130slami temalara sahip 62 tiyatro oyunu bulunmaktad\u0131r. Marlowe’un Tamburlaine\u2019i, Shakespeare’in Titus Andronicus’u, Othello\u2019su ve Venedik Taciri\u2019nde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman karakterler iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki bu yak\u0131nla\u015fman\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel esintileri say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel esintinin Osmanl\u0131 Saray\u0131\u2019ndaki tek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 say\u0131labilecek orgun ne yaz\u0131k ki kal\u0131c\u0131 bir etkisi olmayacakt\u0131r. Sultan 3. Mehmet\u2019in ard\u0131ndan tahta oturan 1. Ahmet d\u00f6neminde, baz\u0131 tutucu kafalar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, \u00fczerindeki resimler ve kutucuklardan \u00e7\u0131kan heykelcikleri \u0130slamiyet\u2019e ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulan fetvalar \u00fczerine orgun par\u00e7alan\u0131p yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u015fa\u015fal\u0131 hediyeden elimizde Thomas Dallam\u2019\u0131n yolda tuttu\u011fu g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>Dallam\u2019\u0131n Konstantinopolis\u2019teki g\u00f6revini tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 24 Ekim 1599 g\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa not, \u0130ngiltere ile Osmanl\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin de bir \u00f6zeti say\u0131l\u0131r: \u2018\u0130\u015flerim bitti. D\u00f6n\u00fcyorum!\u2019<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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