Mustafa Kemal, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte \u0130stanbul\u2019dan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak, ama ger\u00e7ekte \u00e7ok \u00f6zel M\u00fcfetti\u015flik yetkileriyle donat\u0131larak Samsun\u2019a yollanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Atat\u00fcrk, Nutuk\u2019unun ba\u015f\u0131nda bu \u00f6zel ve gizemli konuyu izah etmekte bile zorlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p> \u201cBu geni\u015f yetkinin, beni \u0130stanbul’dan s\u00fcrmek ve uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak maksad\u0131yla Anadolu’ya g\u00f6nderenler taraf\u0131ndan, bana nas\u0131l verilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu garibinize gidebilir. Hemen ifade etmeliyim ki, onlar bu yetkiyi bana bilerek ve anlayarak vermediler. Ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun, benim \u0130stanbul’dan uzakla\u015fmam\u0131 isteyenlerin (\u00f6zellikle i\u015fgalci g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ilerin) bulduklar\u0131 gerek\u00e7e <\/em><\/strong>\u2018Samsun ve dolaylar\u0131ndaki g\u00fcvensizlik olaylar\u0131n\u0131 yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcp tedbir almak \u00fczere Samsun’a kadar gitmem\u2019 idi. Ben, bu g\u00f6revin yerine getirilmesinin bir makam ve yetki sahibi olmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 bulundu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fcm. Bunda hi\u00e7bir sak\u0131nca g\u00f6rmediler. O tarihte Genelkurmay’da bulunan ve benim maksad\u0131m\u0131 bir dereceye kadar sezmi\u015f olan kimselerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. M\u00fcfetti\u015flik g\u00f6revini buldular; yetki konusu ile ilgili talimat\u0131 da ben kendim yazd\u0131rd\u0131m. <\/em>(B\u00f6ylece Anadolu\u2019daki t\u00fcm askeri ve sivil y\u00f6neticiler \u00fczerinde etkin ve yetkin olacakt\u0131m.) Hatta Harbiye N\u00e2z\u0131r\u0131 olan \u015eakir Pa\u015fa, bu talimat\u0131 okuduktan sonra, imzalamaya \u00e7ekinmi\u015f; anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r anla\u015f\u0131lmaz bir bi\u00e7imde m\u00fchr\u00fcn\u00fc basm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p> Bu itiraflar\u0131n sonundaki: \u201cHarbiye N\u00e2z\u0131r\u0131 (Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131) olan \u015eakir Pa\u015fa, bu (ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkilerle donat\u0131larak Samsun\u2019a yolland\u0131\u011f\u0131m) talimat\u0131 okuduktan sonra, imzalamaya \u00e7ekinmi\u015f; anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r anla\u015f\u0131lmaz bir bi\u00e7imde m\u00fchr\u00fcn\u00fc basm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/em> ifadesinde; baz\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6zel giri\u015fimlerin, etkin ve yetkin bir m\u00fcdahalenin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani Padi\u015fah direktifinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Harbiye N\u00e2z\u0131r\u0131\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fchr\u00fcn\u00fc bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p> Gen\u00e7 ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Tarih\u00e7ilerden Ahmet Anapal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130lgin\u00e7 Saptamalar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p> Sultan Vahdettin, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Fevzi \u00c7akmak Pa\u015fa’ya diyor ki; \u201cBu \u00fclkeyi kurtaracak kabiliyet ve karakterde olan pa\u015falar\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 yaz bana getir!\u201d <\/em>Bir hafta sonra 16 isimle geliyor \u00c7akmak Pa\u015fa. Sultan Vahdettin listeye bak\u0131yor, en ba\u015fta Enver Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n abisi Nuri Pa\u015fa, Nuri Killigil yaz\u0131yor. En altta ise Refet Bele’nin ad\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Dikkatle bak\u0131yor ve isimleri tek tek okuyor. Sonra Erkan-\u0131 Harbiye Reisi Fevzi \u00c7akmak Pa\u015fa\u2019ya diyor ki: \u201cBenim yaverlerimden Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa var, onu tan\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n?\u201d<\/em> diye soruyor\u2026 Fevzi \u00c7akmak: Tabii ki tan\u0131r\u0131m Sultan\u0131m diyor. Peki diyor, h\u0131rs\u0131z m\u0131d\u0131r Mustafa Kemal?<\/em> Asla\u2026 Peki korkak m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/em> Asla… Peki bu \u00fclkeyi sever ve sahip \u00e7\u0131kar m\u0131?<\/em> Hem de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne Sultan\u0131m!.. Bunun \u00fczerine Padi\u015fah der ki, \u201cPeki Pa\u015fam, madem bu kadar iyi bu adam, neden bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda onun ismi yok?\u201d <\/em>Bunun \u00fczerine \u00c7akmak Pa\u015fa der ki; \u201cSultan\u0131m, Mustafa Kemal bu \u00fclkeyi savunup kurtarmay\u0131 becerir, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 bu \u00fclkeden g\u00f6nderir. Ama sonra seni de g\u00f6nderir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o Cumhuriyet\u00e7idir, Cumhuriyet rejimini getirir!..\u201d<\/em> <\/strong>Bunun \u00fczerine Sultan Vahdettin eliyle bo\u011fazdaki gemileri g\u00f6steriyor ve diyor ki;<\/strong> \u201c\u015eu gemileri \u00fclkemden g\u00f6ndersin de, sonra kimi nereye g\u00f6nderirse g\u00f6ndersin!\u201d[1]<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p> Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan sonra, genel durumu daha dar bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7ine alarak, \u00e7abucak ve kolayca hep birlikte g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irelim:<\/strong><\/p> \u201cD\u00fc\u015fman devletler, Osmanl\u0131 devlet ve memleketine kar\u015f\u0131 maddi ve manevi sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7mi\u015fler. Onu yok etmeye ve payla\u015fmaya karar vermi\u015fler. Padi\u015fah ve halife olan zat, hayat ve rahat\u0131n\u0131 kurtarabilecek \u00e7areden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. H\u00fck\u00fcmeti de ayn\u0131 durumda. Fark\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, ba\u015fs\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015f olan millet, karanl\u0131klar ve belirsizlikler i\u00e7inde olup bitecekleri beklemekte. Felaketin deh\u015fet ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kavramaya ba\u015flayanlar, bulunduklar\u0131 \u00e7evreye ve alabildikleri etkilere g\u00f6re kendilerince kurtulu\u015f \u00e7aresi sayd\u0131klar\u0131 tedbirlere ba\u015fvurmakta… Ordu, ismi var cismi yok bir durumda. Komutanlar ve subaylar, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n bunca \u00e7ile ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckleriyle yorgun, vatan\u0131n par\u00e7alanmakta oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmekle y\u00fcrekleri kan a\u011fl\u0131yor; g\u00f6zleri \u00f6n\u00fcnde derinle\u015fen karanl\u0131k felaket u\u00e7urumu kenar\u0131nda, bir kurtulu\u015f \u00e7aresi aramakta!..\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p> Atat\u00fcrk, t\u00fcm \u00fcmitlerin karard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortamda:<\/strong><\/p> 1- Baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngiliz himayesine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmay\u0131\u2026<\/strong><\/p> 2- Baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Amerikan mandas\u0131na ba\u015fvurmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrken\u2026<\/strong><\/p> 3- Baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da, b\u00f6lgesel kurtulu\u015f \u00e7areleri arad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p> O halde ciddi ve ger\u00e7ek karar ne olabilirdi?<\/strong><\/p> \u201cEfendiler, bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir tek karar vard\u0131. O da mill\u00ee h\u00e2kimiyete dayanan, kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yeni bir T\u00fcrk devleti kurmak! \u0130\u015fte, daha \u0130stanbul’dan \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz ve Samsun’da Anadolu topraklar\u0131na ayak basar basmaz uygulanmas\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z karar, bu karar olmu\u015ftur.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p> Ya \u0130stikl\u00e2l, Ya \u00d6l\u00fcm!<\/strong><\/p> \u201cBu karar\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc muhakeme ve mant\u0131k \u015fuydu:<\/em><\/strong><\/p> Temel ilke, T\u00fcrk milletinin haysiyetli ve \u015ferefli bir millet olarak ya\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ilke, ancak tam istikl\u00e2le sahip olmakla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir. Ne kadar zengin ve bolluk i\u00e7inde olursa olsun, istikl\u00e2lden yoksun bir millet, meden\u00ee insanl\u0131k d\u00fcnyas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda u\u015fak olmak mevkiinden y\u00fcksek bir muameleye l\u00e2y\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclemez.<\/em><\/strong><\/p> Yabanc\u0131 bir devletin koruyup kollay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmek, insanl\u0131k vas\u0131flar\u0131ndan yoksunlu\u011fu, g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck ve miskinli\u011fi itiraftan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Ger\u00e7ekten de bu seviyesizli\u011fe d\u00fc\u015fmemi\u015f olanlar\u0131n, isteyerek ba\u015flar\u0131na bir yabanc\u0131 efendi getirmelerine asla ihtimal verilemez.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p> \u201cBurada, zihinlerde yer etmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ihtimali bulunan baz\u0131 karars\u0131zl\u0131k d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi hep birlikte g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeliyiz. Yap\u0131lan Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele d\u0131\u015ftan gelen sald\u0131r\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 vatan\u0131n kurtulu\u015funu tek hedef olarak kabul etti\u011fine g\u00f6re, bu Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele’nin, ba\u015far\u0131ya yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a, safha safha bug\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00f6neme kadar <\/em><\/strong>mill\u00ee irade rejiminin (yani Cumhuriyet\u2019in) b\u00fct\u00fcn ilke ve gereklerini yerine getirmesi tabi\u00ee ve ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir tarih\u00ee ak\u0131\u015f idi. <\/strong>Bu ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz tarih\u00ee ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 gelenekten gelen al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile hemen sezmi\u015f olan h\u00fck\u00fcmdar ailesi(nden yararlanmak isteyen \u00e7evreler) ilk andan ba\u015flayarak Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele’nin amans\u0131z d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 kesildi. Bu ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz tarih\u00ee ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 daha ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta ben de g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve sezmi\u015ftim. Ancak, sonuna kadar devam etmi\u015f olan bu sezgimizi, <\/em><\/strong>ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6nleri ile a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurup ifade etmedik.<\/strong> Gelecekteki ihtimaller \u00fczerinde fazla konu\u015fmak, giri\u015fti\u011fimiz ger\u00e7ek ve madd\u00ee m\u00fccadeleye (akl\u0131 yatmayan kesimlerce) hayal\u00ee bir macera niteli\u011fi verdirebilirdi. D\u0131\u015f tehlikenin yak\u0131n etkilerini derinden duyanlar aras\u0131nda, geleneklerine, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kabiliyetlerine ve ruh yap\u0131lar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan muhtemel de\u011fi\u015fmelerden \u00fcrkeceklerin ilk anda direnme g\u00fc\u00e7lerini harekete ge\u00e7irebilirdi. Ba\u015far\u0131 i\u00e7in pratik ve g\u00fcvenilir yol, her safhay\u0131 vakti geldik\u00e7e uygulamakt\u0131. Milletin geli\u015fmesini ve y\u00fckselmesini sa\u011flayacak do\u011fru yol buydu. Ben de bu yolda y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcm. Ancak, bu pratik ve g\u00fcvenilir ba\u015far\u0131 yolu, yak\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131m olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kimselerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 ile aram\u0131zda zaman zaman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, davran\u0131\u015flar veya yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardaki uygulamalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan temel veya ikinci derecede etken birtak\u0131m anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n, k\u0131rg\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n ve hatta ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131n da sebebi ve a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele’ye beraber ba\u015flayan yolculardan baz\u0131lar\u0131, mill\u00ee hayat\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Cumhuriyet\u2019e ve Cumhuriyet kanunlar\u0131na kadar uzanan geli\u015fmelerinde, kendi fikir ve ruh kabiliyetlerinin kavray\u0131\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 bittik\u00e7e bana kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fe ve muhalefete ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir. Bu noktalara, ayd\u0131nlanman\u0131z ve kamuoyunun ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in, s\u0131ras\u0131 geldik\u00e7e birer birer i\u015faret etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m.<\/em><\/strong><\/p> Bu son s\u00f6zlerimi \u00f6zetlemek gerekirse, diyebilirim ki, ben milletin vicdan\u0131nda ve gelece\u011finde hissetti\u011fim b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fme kabiliyetini, bir mill\u00ee s\u0131r gibi vicdan\u0131mda ta\u015f\u0131yarak, yava\u015f yava\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn bir topluma uygulatmak mecburiyetinde idim.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> [Nutuk (1919-1927) s.11 – Sadele\u015ftiren: Prof. Dr. Zeynep Korkmaz]<\/strong><\/p> Nutuk\u2019un giri\u015finde Mustafa Kemal\u2019in, Sultan Vahdettin hakk\u0131ndaki <\/strong>\u201cM\u00fctereddi\u201d<\/em><\/strong> s\u0131fat\u0131 da do\u011fru yorumlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u0131fat\u0131 \u201csoysuzla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, h\u0131yanete kalk\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f\u201d<\/em> \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klayanlar, ya kas\u0131tl\u0131 bir \u00e7arp\u0131tma ve karalama amac\u0131ndad\u0131r\u2026 Veya Osmanl\u0131caya vak\u0131f olmayanlar\u0131n basit s\u00f6zl\u00fck aktar\u0131mlar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fck\u00fc Arap\u00e7a <\/strong>\u201crediye\u201d <\/em><\/strong>= Hel\u00e2k olmak, u\u00e7uruma yuvarlanmak ve \u00fcmitleri kararmak <\/em>k\u00f6k\u00fcnden t\u00fcretilen \u201cm\u00fctereddi\u201d <\/em>kelimesi; ruhen bunalm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7aresiz b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, eli kolu ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f <\/em>anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn Ak\u015fam Sohbet Sofralar\u0131!<\/strong><\/p> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ak\u015fam sofralar\u0131; san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yaln\u0131zca bir yemek veya e\u011flence yeri de\u011fil, \u00fclkenin en kritik sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, gerekli kararlar\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, bilim, sanat, felsefe ve devlet politikalar\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u201cakademi\u201d ve \u201cfikir meclisi\u201d niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> O Sohbet Sofralar\u0131n\u0131n Genel \u00d6zellikleri \u015eunlard\u0131:<\/strong><\/p> \u0130\u015flevi: <\/strong>Yeni T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ink\u0131laplar\u0131n\u0131n uygulamalar\u0131, aksakl\u0131klar\u0131, e\u011fitim, dil, tarih \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, d\u0131\u015f politika ve toplumsal sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131 bu sofralarda masaya yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> Akademi Niteli\u011fi: <\/strong>Bu sofralar s\u0131ras\u0131nda kara tahta, tebe\u015fir ve not defterleri eksik olmazd\u0131; uzmanlar, akademisyenler, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar ve siyaset\u00e7iler konuk edilir, fikirleri al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> \u0130\u015fleyi\u015f: <\/strong>Ak\u015fam yemekleri, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ho\u015f geldin konu\u015fmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flard\u0131. Herkesin s\u00f6z alabildi\u011fi, fikirlerin \u00f6zg\u00fcrce savunulabildi\u011fi demokratik ama disiplinli bir ortam vard\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> Sade Men\u00fcler: <\/strong>Atat\u00fcrk yemekte a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ktan ho\u015flanmaz, genellikle sade yemekler haz\u0131rlan\u0131rd\u0131. (En sevdi\u011fi yemekler aras\u0131nda etsiz kuru fasulye ve pilav yer al\u0131rd\u0131.)<\/strong><\/p> Sofran\u0131n Daim\u00ee Misafirleri (Mutat Zevat): <\/strong>Sofraya s\u00fcrekli kat\u0131lan, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn yak\u0131n dostu ve fikir arkada\u015f\u0131 olan isimler \u201cmutat zevat\u201d (al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131: <\/strong>\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Salih Bozok, Nuri Conker, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali, Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay, Afet \u0130nan, Ru\u015fen E\u015fref \u00dcnayd\u0131n, Tevfik R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Aras, Ali Fuat Cebesoy bunlar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> Bu sohbetlerin birinde, Atat\u00fcrk konuklar\u0131na \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcmden sonra nas\u0131l an\u0131laca\u011f\u0131m?\u201d <\/em>diye sormu\u015flard\u0131. Abart\u0131l\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 iltifat\u00e7\u0131 tahminlerin hi\u00e7birini be\u011fenmeyip: <\/strong>\u201cBelki de; \u015fayet yak\u0131n \u00e7evresinde daha sad\u0131k, daha anlay\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ve daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 insanlar bulunsayd\u0131, o \u00e7ok daha hay\u0131rl\u0131 ve yararl\u0131 hizmetler yapacakt\u0131!\u201d<\/em><\/strong> diyenler olacakt\u0131r, \u015feklinde yan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Zaten tarih boyunca bu yaln\u0131zl\u0131k, b\u00fcy\u00fck devrimcilerin ortak kaderi olmaktad\u0131r\u2026<\/strong><\/p> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn, Frans\u0131z filozof Voltaire\u2019e okurken alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fi \u015fu c\u00fcmleler onun yaln\u0131zl\u0131ktan bunald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren belge konumundad\u0131r:<\/strong><\/p> \u201cBir arkada\u015fa ihtiyac\u0131m var\u2026 \u015eimdiye kadar hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u2026 Oysa kalbim bir dostu \u015fiddetle arzulamaktad\u0131r!..\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p> Voltaire; Kilise bask\u0131s\u0131na ve fanatik ba\u011fnazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan, ama Din ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc savunan ve Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019ne zemin haz\u0131rlayan bir fikir adam\u0131d\u0131r\u2026<\/strong><\/p> \u201cBeni g\u00f6rmek demek, mutlaka y\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6rmek de\u011fildir. Benim fikirlerimi, benim duygular\u0131m\u0131 anl\u0131yorsan\u0131z ve hissediyorsan\u0131z bu yeterlidir.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p> Bu s\u00f6z Cumhuriyetimizin kurucusu Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e aittir.<\/strong><\/p> Anlam\u0131: Atat\u00fcrk bu s\u00f6zleriyle; fiziksel bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin temel de\u011ferlerini, ak\u0131l ve bilim rehberli\u011findeki, prensiplerini ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k idealini, tarihi mesuliyetini ve talihli gelecek hedeflerini anlaman\u0131n ve benimsemenin as\u0131l unsur oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir.<\/strong><\/p> Devam\u0131: Bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn devam\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla yer alan ifadelerden biri de \u015fu \u015fekildedir: \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fahsiyetlerin vefat\u0131na matem yersizdir, onlar\u0131n eserlerine ve fikirlerine ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k yeterlidir…\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn Yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2026 (Vas\u0131fs\u0131zlar\u0131n Vefas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131!..)<\/strong><\/p> \u201c2 Aral\u0131k 1922 tarihinde TBMM\u2019ye verilen yasa teklifinden ka\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z haberdar\u0131z? O yasa teklifi, \u201cMustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk Milletvekili se\u00e7ilemesin\u201d<\/em> diye haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015ea\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil, 1919\u2019da Sivas Kongresi ba\u015flarken, Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn Kongre Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan isim <\/strong>Rauf Bey<\/em><\/strong> olacakt\u0131. Bir gece \u00f6nce <\/strong>Kara Vas\u0131f<\/em><\/strong>\u2019\u0131n evinde bunun i\u00e7in toplant\u0131 bile yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> Son Meclis-i Mebusan\u2019a gittiklerinde Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc g\u0131yab\u0131nda Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7tirmekten sak\u0131nan, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn istedi\u011fi <\/strong>\u201cM\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Grubu\u201d<\/em><\/strong>nu kurmaktan korkan, onun yerine <\/strong>\u201cFelah-\u0131 Vatan\u201d<\/em><\/strong> grubunu kuran yine Rauf Bey oldu\u011fu tarihi kay\u0131tlarda yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p> ABD mandas\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesi konusunda <\/strong>Rauf Bey ile \u0130smet (\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc) Pa\u015fa,<\/em><\/strong> 1919\u2019da ayn\u0131 \u00e7izgide bulu\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk ise; \u201cYa \u0130stikl\u00e2l Ya \u00d6l\u00fcm!\u201d<\/em> diyerek yola \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 zaman\u0131nda Ba\u015fbakan Rauf Bey ile D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 \u0130smet Pa\u015fa \u00e7ok sert kavgalara tutu\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131, birbirlerini su\u00e7lam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk ise, Nutuk\u2019ta ikisine de sert m\u00fcdahalede bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131… T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin menfaatinin ki\u015fisel kavgalarla g\u00f6lgelenmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> \u0130zmir Suikast\u0131 Davas\u0131\u2019nda 10 y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131 alan <\/strong>Rauf Orbay,<\/em><\/strong> yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye 1935\u2019te d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f, 1939\u2019da Milletvekili yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 1942\u2019de Londra B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi olarak atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 22-26 Ocak 1937 tarihleri aras\u0131nda <\/strong>Kurun <\/em><\/strong>gazetesi<\/strong>nde <\/strong>\u0130smet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n <\/strong>Hatay politikas\u0131n\u0131 sert \u015fekilde ele\u015ftiren<\/em><\/strong> As\u0131m Us <\/strong>imzal\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131 kaleme alan Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> Son Meclis-i Mebusan Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Celaleddin Arif Bey Ankara\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra TBMM Ba\u015fkanvekili yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk konu, <\/strong>\u201cAnkara\u2019da alaca\u011f\u0131 maa\u015f\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019daki maa\u015f\u0131ndan daha az olmas\u0131yd\u0131.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>!? (Bu durumu \u00f6zellikle FON soyguncusu Bakan ve B\u00fcrokratlara hat\u0131rlatmak laz\u0131md\u0131\u2026) <\/strong>\u0130smet Pa\u015fa, Rauf Bey, Refet Bey, Kaz\u0131m Karabekir Pa\u015fa,<\/em><\/strong> Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u00fclkeye b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmetler yapm\u0131\u015f insanlard\u0131 ama Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn etraf\u0131nda bir \u00e7elik \u00e7ekirdek olarak yer almam\u0131\u015flar, onu yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u00d6zetle; Atat\u00fcrk, \u0130stanbul\u2019daki \u0130ngiliz hayran\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet kadar yan\u0131ndakilerle de m\u00fccadele etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ama yine de yan\u0131ndakileri do\u011fru y\u00f6neterek zaferi kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/p> \u201cAtat\u00fcrk Nutuk\u2019u Neden Yazd\u0131?\u201d <\/strong><\/p> Ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 Alev \u00c7o\u015fkun\u2019un yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, ciddi d\u00fczeltmelere ve eklemelere ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> \u201cAtat\u00fcrk; Nutuk\u2019u 15 Ekim 1927 tarihinde toplanan CHP\u2019nin 2. kurultay\u0131nda, her g\u00fcn alt\u0131 saat okuyarak alt\u0131 g\u00fcnde tamamlad\u0131. Alev \u00c7o\u015fkun da, \u2018Atat\u00fcrk Nutuk\u2019u neden yazd\u0131 ve neden bizzat okudu?\u2019<\/em> konusunda \u00f6zet bir yaz\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> 29 Ekim 1923\u2019te Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131ndan sonra, en \u00f6nemli tarih 3 Mart 1924 say\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Bu tarihte \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli Devrim Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kabul edildi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1- E\u011fitimin birle\u015ftirilmesi (Tevhid-i Tedrisat karar\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131), 2- Mahalle mekteplerinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve 3- Halifelik makam\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylece demokratik Cumhuriyet\u2019in temelleri at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> Bunlar \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve etkin birer devrim, b\u00fcy\u00fck toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerdir. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca sava\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ve Ha\u00e7l\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koyan T\u00fcrk toplumu hen\u00fcz hak etti\u011fi huzura ula\u015famam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn laik ilkelere dayal\u0131 devrimleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftik\u00e7e, d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i hainler de harekete ge\u00e7iyorlard\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019nda Musul konusunda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve tekrar ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 1924 y\u0131l\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> Bu karar gere\u011fince, 19 May\u0131s 1924 tarihinde Musul sorunu ile ilgili T\u00fcrk-\u0130ngiliz g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri \u0130stanbul\u2019da ba\u015flad\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler 20 g\u00fcn kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc, uzla\u015fma sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in konunun Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesi karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131. Tam bu ortamda, 7 A\u011fustos 1924\u2019te G\u00fcneydo\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda Hakk\u00e2ri ve civar\u0131nda Nasturi ayaklanmas\u0131 patlad\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> 22 Eyl\u00fcl 1924\u2019te Atat\u00fcrk, Samsun\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u201cD\u00fcnyada huzur ve refah i\u00e7in, uygarl\u0131k i\u00e7in, hayat i\u00e7in, ba\u015far\u0131 i\u00e7in en hakiki yol g\u00f6sterici ilimdir, fendir\u201d<\/em> diyerek, ba\u011fnazl\u0131ktan ve yobazl\u0131ktan uzak, ger\u00e7ek ve saf \u0130slam\u2019a zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc imans\u0131z ve ahl\u00e2ks\u0131z bir toplumun ayakta kalamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi biliyorlard\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> 26 Ekim 1924\u2019te Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019nin Do\u011fu B\u00f6lgesi Komutan\u0131 K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir; ard\u0131ndan 30 Ekim 1924\u2019te General Ali Fuat Cebesoy, Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fliklerinden istifa ettiler ve g\u00f6revlerine TBMM\u2019de Milletvekili olarak devam edeceklerini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar.[3]<\/a> Atat\u00fcrk bu olay\u0131 hi\u00e7 beklemiyordu ve bu olay\u0131 \u201ckomutanlar komplosu\u201d<\/em> olarak de\u011ferlendiriyorlard\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> Bundan iki hafta sonra, 17 Kas\u0131m 1924\u2019te <\/strong>K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir, Ali Fuat Cebesoy, Rauf Orbay, Refet Bele ve Adnan Ad\u0131var,<\/em><\/strong> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e ve Cumhuriyet\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 <\/strong>Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131 kurdular. Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019ye birlikte ba\u015flayan arkada\u015flar aras\u0131nda ilk \u201c\u00e7atlak\u201d b\u00f6ylece a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. D\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler sava\u015flarla ba\u015faramad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, sinsi olu\u015fumlarla sahneye koymu\u015flard\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> \u015eeyh Sait \u0130syan\u0131\u00a0<\/strong><\/p> Musul konusu Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019nde konu\u015fulurken bu kez 13 \u015eubat 1925\u2019te <\/strong>\u015eeyh Sait \u0130syan\u0131 <\/em><\/strong>patlad\u0131. \u0130syanc\u0131lar, 16-17 \u015eubat\u2019ta Bing\u00f6l (Gen\u00e7) ilini, 24 \u015eubat\u2019ta El\u00e2z\u0131\u011f\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015fler ve her iki \u015fehri ya\u011fmalamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Daha sonralar\u0131 isyanc\u0131lar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz Gizli Servisi\u2019nin bulundu\u011fu, belgelere dayal\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> \u0130syan\u0131n denetim alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla TBMM\u2019de, 4 Mart 1925\u2019te iki y\u0131l i\u00e7in <\/strong>\u201cTakrir-i S\u00fck\u00fbn Kanunu\u201d<\/em><\/strong> \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmak zorunda kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> Kastamonu Konu\u015fmalar\u0131\u00a0<\/strong><\/p> 23 A\u011fustos 1925\u2019te Atat\u00fcrk elinde yazl\u0131k bir \u015fapka ile Kastamonu\u2019ya u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kastamonu ve \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmalarda \u015funlar\u0131 hat\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: <\/strong>\u201cUygarl\u0131k \u00f6yle kuvvetli bir ate\u015ftir ki ona yabanc\u0131 kalanlar\u0131 yakar, mahveder.\u201d <\/em>diye uyar\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> Kastamonu\u2019da ikinci konu\u015fmas\u0131nda ise \u015funlar\u0131 aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: <\/strong>\u201cEfendiler ve ey millet! \u0130yi biliniz ki T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti (cahil ve istismarc\u0131) \u015feyhler, (\u015fuursuz) dervi\u015fler, m\u00fcritler, (ve meczup) mensuplar memleketi olamaz. En do\u011fru ve ger\u00e7ek tarikat, uygarl\u0131k tarikat\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p> \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131: \u201cHi\u00e7birimiz (Dinimizin esaslar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 ve istismarc\u0131) tekkelerin uyarmas\u0131na muhta\u00e7 de\u011filiz. (Bunlar\u0131n) Amac\u0131, halk\u0131 kendinden ge\u00e7mi\u015f (\u015fuursuz vaziyete ta\u015f\u0131mak) ve aptal yapmakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p> 2 Eyl\u00fcl 1925\u2019te tekke, zaviye ve t\u00fcrbelerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, din g\u00f6revlilerinin k\u0131yafetleri ile memurlar\u0131n \u015fapka giymeleri hakk\u0131nda Bakanlar Kurulu Kararnamesi, ard\u0131ndan kanunu Meclis\u2019ten \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> T\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmeler elbette baz\u0131 kesimleri rahats\u0131z ediyor, harekete ge\u00e7iriyordu. \u015eapka konusunda Anadolu\u2019da yer yer hareketler oluyordu. 14 Kas\u0131m 1925\u2019te Sivas\u2019ta \u015fapka aleyhine duvarlara bildiriler as\u0131ld\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, Kayseri, Erzurum, Rize, Mara\u015f ve Giresun\u2019da da \u015fapka gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek gerici g\u00f6steriler yap\u0131ld\u0131. Tutuklanan eleba\u015f\u0131lar \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemeleri\u2019nde yarg\u0131land\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> \u0130zmir Suikast\u0131\u00a0<\/strong><\/p> Bu karma\u015fa i\u00e7inde 1926 y\u0131l\u0131na girildi ve beklenmedik bir olayla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. 14 Haziran 1926 tarihinde \u0130zmir suikast\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 giri\u015filen bu hareketin i\u00e7inde bulunan Giritli \u015eevki, \u0130zmir Valisi Kaz\u0131m Dirik\u2019e Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e suikast yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 haberini ula\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> Bu plan\u0131n arkas\u0131nda Sabataist D\u00f6nme kodamanlar\u0131n, eski \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ve yeni kurulmu\u015f olan Terakkiperver F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n oldu\u011fu iddialar\u0131 da sars\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. Ama nedense Kemalistler bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi \u00f6zellikle saklam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/strong><\/p> Evet, vatan\u0131n kurtulu\u015funu sa\u011flayan, Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulu\u015funu haz\u0131rlayan Atat\u00fcrk, sonradan; Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc despotizme \u00e7eviren Kemalizm\u2019i uyduracak olan Sabataist ve masonik mihraklarca \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Plan; bizzat i\u00e7inde bulunanlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ihbar edilmi\u015f, ard\u0131ndan mahkemede kabul edilmi\u015f ve belgelere ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[4]<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>