\u00a0<\/p>\n
“Milli G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Lideri”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> Ge\u00e7inen O\u011fuzhan Asilt\u00fcrk’\u00fcn<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n D\u0130N\u0130 GAYRET\u0130 VE DAVA HAM\u0130YET\u0130N\u0130 K\u00d6RLETME N\u0130YET\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n “Acemi tabip candan, cahil bilgi\u00e7 imandan eder”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>atas\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcze uygun ve uyu\u015fuk tavsiyelerini “hikmet” diye yutturan, niyeti ve t\u0131yneti bizce malum olan ki\u015fi, kendisini <\/span><\/strong>“Milli G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Lideri” <\/span><\/em><\/strong>diye tan\u0131t\u0131p, 29 Temmuz 2020 tarihli Milli Gazete’nin ilk sayfas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na, Erbakan Hocam\u0131z\u0131n benzetmesiyle; <\/span><\/strong>“Zeki M\u00fcren tarz\u0131 siyaset”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015flard\u0131. Elde kalan bir avu\u00e7 insan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n Dini gayretini ve dava hamiyetini t\u00f6rp\u00fcleyip k\u00f6rletmek amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekleri yamukla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Adam ba\u015fka bir \u015fey bilmiyor, s\u00fcrekli: <\/span><\/strong>“\u00dcslubunuzu yumu\u015fat\u0131n, \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 ve tatl\u0131 s\u00f6zler kullan\u0131n!..” <\/span><\/em><\/strong>deyip duruyordu. H\u00e2\u015f\u00e2; Allah’a, Kur’an’a, Resul\u00fcllah’a, \u0130slami esaslara, ahl\u00e2ki kurallara ve Hak davam\u0131z\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131 manevisi olan Aziz Erbakan Hocam\u0131za hakaret edenlere; <\/span><\/strong>“Onlar gibi mukabelede (ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermede) bulunulmayacakm\u0131\u015f… Tatl\u0131 ve yumu\u015fak \u00fcslup kullan\u0131lacakm\u0131\u015f…”<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n “M\u00fccadelesini verdi\u011fimiz de\u011ferleri savunmak ad\u0131na, di\u011fer insanlara (kutsal\u0131m\u0131za, davam\u0131za, Hocam\u0131za sata\u015fan sald\u0131rganlara) tahkir edici ve hedef g\u00f6sterici s\u00f6ylemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lacakm\u0131\u015f…”<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m; Erbakan Hocam\u0131z\u0131n ifadesiyle tam bir <\/span><\/strong>“Zeki M\u00fcren siyaseti ve tavr\u0131d\u0131r.”[1] <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>Oysa Cenab-\u0131 Hak Kur’an-\u0131 Kerim’de, bizzat Aleyhisselat\u00fc Vesselam Efendimize \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmaktad\u0131r;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n “Ey Nebi(m), k\u00e2firlerle ve m\u00fcnaf\u0131klarla cihad et, onlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddetli ‘sert ve cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131’ davran. (T\u0131ynetleri ve niyetleri bozuk oldu\u011fundan, sald\u0131rgan k\u00e2fir ve m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar, sizin yumu\u015fak yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, ya\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k ve zay\u0131fl\u0131k zannedebilirler). Onlar\u0131n (sonunda) varacaklar\u0131 son duraklar\u0131 cehennemdir ve oras\u0131, ne k\u00f6t\u00fc ve kahredici bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yeridir.” (Tevbe: 73)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n “Ey Peygamber! K\u00e2firlerle (g\u00fc\u00e7 ve dirayetle) ve m\u00fcnaf\u0131klarla (ilim ve siyasetle) cihad et; onlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u011f\u0131lzet (netlik, sertlik ve ciddiyet) g\u00f6ster. Onlar\u0131n varacaklar\u0131 yer cehennemdir. Oras\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fcl\u00fcp gidilecek ne k\u00f6t\u00fc bir yerdir.” (Tahrim: 9)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n “(Elbette ve kesinlikle Hz.) Muhammed (S.A.V) Allah’\u0131n Resul\u00fcd\u00fcr; beraberinde bulunanlar (ve k\u0131yamete kadar O’nun yan\u0131nda ve yolunda olanlar) da; ink\u00e2rc\u0131 (zalimlere) kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddetli (cesaretli, mert ve metin), kendi aralar\u0131nda ise (gayet m\u00fcsamahal\u0131 ve) merhametlidirler. Onlar\u0131 r\u00fck\u00fb ve secde ederek (her hizmet ve ibadetlerinde sadece) Allah’\u0131n fazl\u0131n\u0131 ve r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 ararken g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn. Onlar\u0131n ni\u015fanlar\u0131, (nurlu) y\u00fczlerindeki secde izleridir. Bu onlar\u0131n Tevrat’taki vas\u0131flar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ncil’deki vas\u0131flar\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yledir: Sanki bir ekin (tohum kabu\u011funu) yar\u0131p filizlerini \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f, gittik\u00e7e onu (bitki fidesini ve g\u00f6vdesini) kuvvetlendirerek kal\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, derken saplar\u0131 \u00fczerine do\u011frulup boy atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ki bu durum (emek \u00e7eken) ziraat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n da ho\u015funa gider. Allah’\u0131n (m\u00fc’minleri ve \u0130slami hareketleri b\u00f6yle tedricen geli\u015ftirip g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmesi) bunlarla k\u00e2firleri \u00f6fkelendirmek (ve zalimleri kahretmek) i\u00e7indir. (Ama onlardan, sonunda inad\u0131ndan ve ink\u00e2r\u0131ndan d\u00f6n\u00fcp) \u0130man eden ve salih ameller i\u015fleyenlere Allah (yine de) ma\u011ffiret ve b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fck\u00e2fat va’ad etmi\u015ftir.” (Fetih: 29)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Bu ayetlerde ge\u00e7en “\u011e\u0131lzet-\u011faleze” <\/em>kelimeleri “sertlik, netlik, ha\u015finlik, cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir tepki” anlamlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. <\/span><\/strong>(Bak: M\u00fcfredat-Ra\u011f\u0131b el-\u0130sfehani.)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n “Ey iman edenler! (Dininizi ve Hakk davan\u0131z\u0131) \u0130nk\u00e2r edenlerden (ha d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan, ha i\u00e7eriden) size (zarar ve sald\u0131r\u0131 ihtimali) en yak\u0131n olan (d\u00fc\u015fman k\u00e2firlerle) \u00e7arp\u0131\u015f\u0131n ve onlar sizde ‘\u011e\u0131lzet=Sert bir tav\u0131r, (g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kararl\u0131l\u0131k ve cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k)’\u00a0g\u00f6rs\u00fcnler… Ve kesinlikle biliniz ki Allah (m\u00fcnkirler ve m\u00fcnaf\u0131k kesimlerle de\u011fil) takva sahipleriyle beraberdir.” (Tevbe: 123) <\/span><\/em><\/strong>ayeti de gayet a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Evet, do\u011fal ve normal tebli\u011fde=Hakka ve hayra davette, elbette kavl-i leyyin=yumu\u015fat\u0131c\u0131 ve g\u00f6n\u00fcl al\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6zler <\/em>kullan\u0131l\u0131r, \u015fefkatli bir tav\u0131r tak\u0131n\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak sald\u0131rgan, sata\u015fmac\u0131, kutsal\u0131m\u0131za hakarete kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131c\u0131 ki\u015fi ve kesimlere ise, herhalde cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, \u0130slam’\u0131n izzet ve gayretini hat\u0131rlat\u0131c\u0131 bir tav\u0131r tak\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 esast\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00dcstad Bedi\u00fczzaman’\u0131n: <\/span><\/strong>“Cephe hatt\u0131nda ve sald\u0131rgan d\u00fc\u015fman kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, askerlere; ‘Aman ha, yumu\u015fak ve \u015fefkatli davran\u0131n, kimseyi incitmeye kalk\u0131\u015fmay\u0131n!’ \u015feklinde nasihat eden komutan\u0131n bu tavr\u0131 merhamet de\u011fil, h\u0131yanet say\u0131l\u0131r!” <\/span><\/em><\/strong>(Muhakemat.) \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc oras\u0131, askere cesaret ve metanet a\u015f\u0131lama makam\u0131d\u0131r. Ama tabi ki; <\/span><\/strong>“Tenkit me\u015fru, tahkir memnudur!” <\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc dikkate al\u0131nacak, s\u00f6vg\u00fc ve hakaret i\u00e7erici, \u00e7evresini ve ailesini incitici s\u00f6zler kullan\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r. Ancak Kur’an’\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k beyan\u0131yla “\u011e\u0131lzet=sert, net ve mert tav\u0131rlar\u0131n, cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve uyar\u0131c\u0131 mesajlar\u0131n” verilmesi \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Bizzat Hz. Peygamber Efendimiz, sald\u0131rgan m\u00fc\u015frik ve m\u00fcnaf\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131, onlar\u0131n moralini bozan, \u015feytani cesaretlerini k\u0131ran ve hizaya sokan, Hass\u00e2n b. S\u00e2bit gibi hicvedici \u015fairlerini te\u015fvik ve taltif buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Hass\u00e2n b. S\u00e2bit, \u0130slam’dan \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemde Uk\u00e2z panay\u0131r\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen \u015fiir m\u00fcsabakalar\u0131na da kat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Hass\u00e2n’\u0131n Cahiliye devrinde ge\u00e7en yakla\u015f\u0131k altm\u0131\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k hayat\u0131 \u015farab\u0131 ve \u015farap meclislerini \u00f6vg\u00fcyle anlatmak, zenginlerin ihsanlar\u0131na nail olmak i\u00e7in Gass\u00e2n\u00ee ve H\u00eere h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret edip onlar\u0131 \u00f6vmek, Evs ve Hazrec aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalara kat\u0131l\u0131p kendi kabilesinin asalet, \u015feref ve kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmekle ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir insand\u0131. Altm\u0131\u015f ya\u015flar\u0131nda iken \u0130kinci Akabe Biat\u0131’n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan (622) M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kat\u0131ld\u0131. Hz. Peygamber’in hicretten sonra Hass\u00e2n’\u0131n karde\u015fi Evs ile Osman b. Aff\u00e2n’\u0131 karde\u015f il\u00e2n etti\u011fi biliniyorsa da bu hususta Hass\u00e2n’la ilgili bilgiye rastlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun \u0130sl\u00e2miyet’i kabul etmesiyle M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, \u015f\u00f6hreti Hicaz b\u00f6lgesini a\u015f\u0131p di\u011fer Arap topraklar\u0131na yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fair kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Hass\u00e2n’\u0131n bundan sonraki hayat\u0131 tamam\u0131yla Resul-i Ekrem’in yan\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015f, en g\u00fczel \u015fiirlerini Onun i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylemi\u015f, art\u0131k fahriyyelerinde Allah’\u0131n Resul\u00fcn\u00fc savunmakla \u00fcn ve \u015feref kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Resul-i Ekrem’le birlikte M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, ilk d\u00f6nemlerden itibaren Kurey\u015fliler’in ve onlar\u0131 destekleyenlerin hem fiil\u00ee hem de s\u00f6zl\u00fc sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na m\u00e2ruz kalmakta, \u00f6zellikle Abdullah b. Ziba‘r\u00e2, Eb\u00fb S\u00fcfy\u00e2n b. H\u00e2ris, Amr b. \u00c2s ve bunlara e\u015flik eden D\u0131r\u00e2r b. Hatt\u00e2b, Eb\u00fb Uzz\u00e2 el-Cumah\u00ee, H\u00fcbeyre b. Eb\u00fb Vehb el-Kure\u015f\u00ee ve \u00dcmeyye b. Eb\u00fc’s-Salt gibi \u015fairlerin hicretten sonra da devam eden hakaretli hicivleri M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in bir \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc kayna\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Bu hicivlere ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ntemle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermenin gerekli oldu\u011fu kanaatine varan Resul-i Ekrem, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan bu konuda kendisine yard\u0131m etmelerini emir buyurmu\u015flard\u0131. Bu iste\u011fi Hass\u00e2n b. S\u00e2bit, K\u00e2’b b. M\u00e2lik ve Abdullah b. Rev\u00e2ha yerine getirmekle beraber \u00f6zellikle Hass\u00e2n’\u0131n has\u0131mlar\u0131na y\u00f6neltti\u011fi, Cahiliye Devri’nin koku\u015fmu\u015f de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve soy saplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131nayan hicivleri son derece etkili olmaktayd\u0131. Hz. Peygamber Efendimiz Hass\u00e2n b. S\u00e2bit’i i\u015faret ederek, “Yemin ederim ki Busr\u00e2 ile San’\u00e2 aras\u0131nda (Hicaz’\u0131n kuzeyi ile g\u00fcneyi aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerde) beni bunun kadar sevindirecek bir dil yoktur”<\/em> \u00f6vg\u00fcs\u00fcne mazhar olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Resul-i Ekrem’in, “Onlar\u0131 ne \u015fekilde hicvedeceksin, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ben de onlar gibi Kurey\u015fliyim?”<\/em> sorusuna Hass\u00e2n, “Seni ya\u011fdan k\u0131l \u00e7eker gibi Kurey\u015f m\u00fc\u015friklerinin aras\u0131ndan \u00e7ekip \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131m”<\/em> diye yan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece \u015fiirleriyle \u0130slamiyet’e b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmetlerde bulunan Hass\u00e2n hakk\u0131nda Hz. Peygamber, “Hass\u00e2n’\u0131n f\u0131tr\u00ee kabiliyetini ve ilham\u0131n\u0131 R\u00fbhu’l-kud\u00fcs teyit ediyor”<\/em> buyurmu\u015flar, ayr\u0131ca onun i\u00e7in; “Allah’\u0131m, Hass\u00e2n’\u0131 R\u00fbhu’l-kud\u00fcs ile teyit et!” <\/em>\u015feklinde dua buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r. (Bak: Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, “\u0130lim”, 68, “Bed’\u00fc’l-\u1e2bal\u1e33”, 6, “Meg\u00e2z\u00ee”, 30, “Edeb”, 91).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Hass\u00e2n b. S\u00e2bit Medineli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Kurey\u015f’in ens\u00e2b ve eyy\u00e2m\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmamakla birlikte bu konuda Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir’den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgileri \u015fiirinde etkili bir \u015fekilde kullanmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sayede m\u00fc\u015frikleri hicveden ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren \u015fiirleri Resul\u00fcllah’\u0131n, “Bu hicivler onlara kar\u015f\u0131 oktan daha etkili olacakt\u0131r”<\/em> \u015feklindeki iltifat\u0131na mazhar olmu\u015flard\u0131r. (M\u00fcslim, “Fez\u00e2’il\u00fc’s-sah\u00e2be”, 157). Hass\u00e2n, Kurey\u015fliler’den ba\u015fka K\u00e2‘b b. E\u015fref ve Reb\u00ee’ b. Eb\u00fc’l-Hukayk gibi Yahudi \u015fairlerine de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar vermi\u015f ve \u0130slam’\u0131n izzetini korumu\u015flard\u0131r (D\u00eev\u00e2n [n\u015fr. Vel\u00eed Araf\u00e2t], I, 211, 426). <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Hicretle birlikte kurulan \u0130sl\u00e2m devletinin ortaya koydu\u011fu yeni d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve de\u011ferler sistemi Hass\u00e2n’\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne engin ufuklar a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, ona \u015fiirde yeni temalar i\u015fleme imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bedir Gazvesi’nin ard\u0131ndan Mekke’ye giderek bu sava\u015fa kat\u0131lan ve \u00f6len m\u00fc\u015frikler i\u00e7in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fiirlerle Kurey\u015fliler’in intikam duygular\u0131n\u0131 tahrik eden Yahudi \u015fair K\u00e2’b b. E\u015fref ve onu evlerinde misafir edenler hakk\u0131nda Hass\u00e2n’\u0131n s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fiirler o kadar etkili olmu\u015ftur ki art\u0131k \u0130slam ve Peygamber d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 bu Yahudi K\u00e2’b’\u0131 evinde misafir etmeye hi\u00e7 kimsenin cesareti kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (a.g.e., I, 211-212, 426-427). Hass\u00e2n’\u0131n Asr-\u0131 Sa\u00e2det’te meydana gelen b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6nemli olaylar i\u00e7in bir veya birka\u00e7 \u015fiiri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Hass\u00e2n b. S\u00e2bit’in en b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri de H. 9. (M. 630) y\u0131l\u0131nda, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n elindeki esirlerini kurtarmak ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131kta M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla boy \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc\u015fmek i\u00e7in hatip ve \u015fairleriyle birlikte yetmi\u015f-seksen ki\u015filik bir heyetle Medine’ye gelen Tem\u00eemo\u011fullar\u0131’na kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fiirleriyle onlar\u0131 ma\u011fl\u00fbp edip M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131d\u0131r (geni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in bk. \u0130bn Sa’d, I, 294; Eb\u00fc’l-Ferec el-\u0130sfah\u00e2n\u00ee, IV, 152-157). <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Resul-i Ekrem, \u015fair Hass\u00e2n’\u0131n (R.A) \u015fahs\u0131na ve sanat\u0131na \u00e7ok de\u011fer verirdi; hatta \u015fiirlerini okumas\u0131 i\u00e7in ona Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’de bir minber ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca baz\u0131 sava\u015flara \u00e7\u0131karken han\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 Hass\u00e2n’\u0131n Beyraha malik\u00e2nesine b\u0131rak\u0131r, d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ganimetten ona da pay ay\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Hz. Peygamber’in vefat\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda art\u0131k iyice ya\u015flanm\u0131\u015f olan Hass\u00e2n’\u0131n y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 da s\u00f6nmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve bundan sonra bir nevi inziva hayat\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bununla birlikte Hz. \u00d6mer d\u00f6neminde birka\u00e7 defa mescitte \u015fiir okudu\u011fu, hatta bir defas\u0131nda halifenin mescitte \u015fiir okumay\u0131 do\u011fru bulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Hass\u00e2n’\u0131 oradan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak istemesi \u00fczerine, “Burada senden daha hay\u0131rl\u0131 olan kimse (Peygamber) bulunurken bile \u015fiir okudu\u011fumu biliyorsun”<\/em> deyince, Hz. \u00d6mer’in itiraz etmeyip oradan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 rivayetler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r (Eb\u00fc’l-Ferec el-\u0130sfah\u00e2n\u00ee, IV, 150). Hass\u00e2n’\u0131n bu d\u00f6nemde hayat\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6n\u00fck ge\u00e7mesinde \u015fiirin Arap toplumunda eski \u00f6nemini kaybetmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n da pay\u0131 vard\u0131r. Zira Resul-i Ekrem’in vefat\u0131 esnas\u0131nda hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn Arabistan halk\u0131, bu arada Hass\u00e2n’la kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 hiciv s\u00f6yleyen \u015fairler bile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015flard\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Hz. Peygamber (S.A.V) \u015eairi K\u00e2’b b. M\u00e2lik’in Hayat\u0131 ve Hat\u0131ralar\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Medine’nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 tespitte g\u00f6revli k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Hz. Peygamber Efendimiz, Medine’ye hicretten sonra yeni devletin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. Bu do\u011frultuda hicretten birka\u00e7 ay sonra Medine’yi harem b\u00f6lge yapt\u0131. Kendisinin i\u015faret etti\u011fi tepelere Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 Kiram’dan \u015fair K\u00e2’b b. M\u00e2lik’i g\u00f6ndererek \u0130sl\u00e2m devletinin o g\u00fcnk\u00fc hudutlar\u0131na i\u015faret etmek \u00fczere duvarlar ve s\u0131n\u0131r ta\u015flar\u0131 ayarlad\u0131. K\u00e2’b b. M\u00e2lik Medine hudutlar\u0131n\u0131n tespit g\u00f6revini kendisinin yerine getirdi\u011fini \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r: “Resul\u00fcllah beni Medine’nin har\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131 (hudutlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek \u00fczere) y\u00fcksek yerlere birtak\u0131m i\u015faretler dikmek i\u00e7in vazifelendirip g\u00f6nderdi. Ben bu i\u015faretleri, Z\u00e2t\u00fc’l-Cey\u015f, M\u00fc\u015feyrib, Mah\u00eed tepeleri ile Hufeyy\u00e2’, el-U\u015feyre, Teym y\u00fckseklikleri \u00fczerine diktim.”[2]<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Resul\u00fcllah’la Birlikte Cihad\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Hen\u00fcz cihad farz k\u0131l\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f iken, K\u00e2’b b. M\u00e2lik ile Ensar’\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fairleri olan Hassan b. S\u00e2bit ve Abdullah b. Rev\u00e2ha \u015fiirleriyle d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele ediyorlard\u0131. K\u00e2’b b. M\u00e2lik, \u015fiir yoluyla m\u00fccadele etmenin dini durumunu merak ederek “Ya Resul\u00fcllah! \u015eiir hakk\u0131nda ne buyurursunuz?”<\/em> diye sordu\u011funda Hz. Peygamber (S.A.V): “M\u00fc’min k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131yla da diliyle de cihad eder.”<\/em> buyurmak suretiyle M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u015fairleri \u015fiir s\u00f6ylemeye te\u015fvik ediyordu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u015eair K\u00e2’b b. Malik (RA), yap\u0131lan sava\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendi ifadesiyle Allah Resul\u00fcn\u00fcn kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flardan sadece Bedir ve Teb\u00fck’ten geri kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O, Allah’\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131yla diliyle m\u00fccadele etti\u011fi gibi k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131yla da cihad yapm\u0131\u015f, Resul\u00fcllah da onu bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle takdir buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Ka’b ve Uhud Sava\u015f\u0131 (3\/625) <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Bedir’de yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden Mekke m\u00fc\u015frikleri Eb\u00fb S\u00fcfy\u00e2n’a gelerek kervandan elde edilen k\u00e2r\u0131 Hz. Muhammed (AS)’dan intikam almak i\u00e7in kullanmay\u0131 teklif ediyorlard\u0131. Eb\u00fb S\u00fcfy\u00e2n zaten o\u011flu ve akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n intikam\u0131 i\u00e7in buna haz\u0131rd\u0131. Kurey\u015fliler Arabistan kabilelerini gezerek asker toplam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Mekke’de oturan Hz. Abbas, Kurey\u015f’in sava\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bir mektupla Medine’ye ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Hz. Resul, Medine’de kal\u0131p savunma sava\u015f\u0131 yapmay\u0131 istemesine ra\u011fmen, sahabenin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu meydan sava\u015f\u0131 yapma iste\u011finde \u0131srar edince \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun iste\u011fine uymu\u015flard\u0131. K\u00e2’b b. Malik, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in hayati bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan Uhud Sava\u015f\u0131’nda bulunmu\u015f ve tarih\u00e7iler sava\u015fta ya\u015fanan bir\u00e7ok olay\u0131 onun a\u011fz\u0131ndan aktarm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Uhud Sava\u015f\u0131’nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n bozguna u\u011fray\u0131p da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u0131rada, \u015fehit edildi\u011fi s\u00f6zleri kulaktan kula\u011fa yay\u0131lan Hz. Peygamber’i ilk \u00f6nce g\u00f6ren ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara “M\u00fcjdeler olsun ey M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar! Resul\u00fcllah ya\u015f\u0131yor” diye seslenen \u015fair K\u00e2’b b. Malik olmu\u015ftur. K\u00e2’b, Resul\u00fcllah’\u0131 mi\u011fferinin alt\u0131ndan \u0131\u015f\u0131ldayan g\u00f6zlerinden tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k i\u00e7erisinde, kendisine Hz. Peygamber, parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duda\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp K\u00e2’b’a “sus” anlam\u0131nda i\u015faret etmesine ra\u011fmen o, sevincinden kendisinden ge\u00e7erek M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara bu m\u00fcjdeyi hayk\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. K\u00e2’b, bu sava\u015fta ya\u015fanan birtak\u0131m olaylar\u0131 ve ki\u015fileri yapt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6revlerle birlikte rivayet etmek suretiyle tarihe katk\u0131 sunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bunlardan biri de \u00dcmm\u00fc S\u00fcleym bint-i Milh\u00e2n’\u0131 ve Hz. \u00c2i\u015fe’yi anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 olayd\u0131r. O, bu ki\u015filerin s\u0131rtlar\u0131nda su ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve yaral\u0131lar\u0131 tedavi ettiklerini aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[3]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u015eair K\u00e2’b b. Malik, bu sava\u015fta on yedi yerinden yara alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. M\u00fc\u015frik \u015fairler Uhud’da \u015fiir s\u00f6ylemek, Hz. Peygamberimizi ve m\u00fc’minleri yermek i\u00e7in uygun bir ortam bulmu\u015flard\u0131. Bunlardan biri de Kurey\u015fli \u015fair Amr b. el-\u00c2s’d\u0131r. O, bu sava\u015fla ilgili bir kaside s\u00f6yleyip, kendisini ve m\u00fc\u015frik kavmini \u00f6vmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00e2’b b. M\u00e2lik, ona ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fiirle cevap vermi\u015ftir. Kasidesinde Kurey\u015flilere hitap etmi\u015f ve bu \u015fekilde devam ettikleri takdirde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facaklar\u0131 karanl\u0131k son ile onlar\u0131 tehdit etmi\u015ftir. Ve onlara; “kendisiyle bizi ay\u0131plad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u00f6l\u00fcm bizim i\u00e7in \u015fehadettir. Hi\u00e7bir nimetle k\u0131yaslanamayacak bir fazilettir, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar sava\u015f\u0131 Allah’a ve Resule itaat gere\u011fi yerine getiriyorlar. Heva ve hevesleri sebebiyle de\u011fil. Hal b\u00f6yleyken m\u00fc’min ile k\u00e2fir nas\u0131l birbirine e\u015fit olur”<\/em> diyerek Hz. Resul\u00fcllah’\u0131n be\u011fenisini kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00e2’b b. M\u00e2lik’in Uhud \u015fehitleri i\u00e7in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi kasideye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak m\u00fc\u015frikler de me\u015fhur \u015fairleri D\u0131r\u00e2r b. el-Hatt\u00e2b el-Fihr\u00ee’den K\u00e2’b’a bu konuda \u015fiirle cevap vermesi i\u00e7in k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. D\u0131r\u00e2r, kasidesinde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla alay edip m\u00fc\u015friklerle iftihar etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kendilerinin sava\u015fta cesaret g\u00f6sterdiklerini, zorlu\u011fa g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs gerdiklerini dizeleriyle ifade ederek, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u015fehitlerin d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015fmelerini, \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 alay konusu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunlara gereken cevab\u0131 da Ka’b b. Malik haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Yaralay\u0131c\u0131 \u015fiirleriyle Mekkeli m\u00fc\u015frikleri M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00fczerine k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtan ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 hicveden muhteris bir Yahudi ve me\u015fhur bir \u015fair olan K\u00e2’b bin E\u015fref’in \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesini bizzat Peygamberimiz emir buyurmu\u015flard\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00e2’b bin E\u015fref<\/span><\/em><\/strong>, muhteris bir Yahudi ve me\u015fhur bir \u015fair say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/span><\/em><\/strong> Bilhassa muhte\u015fem Bedir muzafferiyetinden sonra, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Peygamberimiz (S.A.V) ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 hicvedip durmaktayd\u0131. Mekke’ye giderek de m\u00fc\u015frikleri M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 tahrik eder, Bedir’de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen m\u00fc\u015frikler i\u00e7in mersiyeler d\u00fczerek, onlar\u0131n intikam ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k hislerini kabartmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Medine’de ise, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n k\u0131z ve han\u0131mlar\u0131na dil uzatacak kadar k\u00fcstahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015eiir ve hitabetin Arap hayat\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen bir olayd\u0131 ve o g\u00fcn\u00fcn medyas\u0131 konumundayd\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu Yahudi \u015fairin \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131z kendisine ait kalm\u0131yor, etrafa da sirayet ediyordu. Bu bak\u0131mdan Resul-i Ekrem bu menhus adam\u0131n \u015fiirleri \u00fczerinde fazlas\u0131yla duruyor, \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in \u00e7areler ar\u0131yordu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00e2’b’\u0131n, yaln\u0131z \u015fiirleriyle \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmakla iktifa etmedi\u011fini, hatta Peygamberimiz (S.A.V)’in v\u00fccudunu ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in menfur bir planla suikast tertipledi\u011fi de kaynaklarda yer almaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir adam\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130slamiyet i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zarard\u0131. Bu bak\u0131mdan da yok edilmesi gerekiyordu. Bu i\u015fi Resul-i Ekrem’in m\u00fcsaadesiyle Ashab’dan Muhammed bin Mesleme iki-\u00fc\u00e7 arkada\u015f\u0131yla \u00fczerine ald\u0131. Bir gece vakti evine giderek onu cehenneme yollam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. (M. 625)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00e2’b bin E\u015fref gibi \u015f\u00f6hret sahibi birinin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi Yahudiler aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir pani\u011fe yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kabilesinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 Hz. Resul\u00fcllah’\u0131n huzuruna \u00e7\u0131karak, K\u00e2’b’\u0131n masum oldu\u011funu, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeyi hak etmedi\u011fini \u015fik\u00e2yet suretinde arz edince, Hz. Peygamberimiz \u015f\u00f6yle \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n “O, bizi hicvedip hakarete ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara diliyle eziyet etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. M\u00fc\u015frikleri de bizimle sava\u015fmaya, bizimle u\u011fra\u015fmaya te\u015fvik edip duran bir insand\u0131.”[4]<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Bu h\u00e2diseden sonrad\u0131r ki, tarihte fitne ve fesat \u00e7\u0131karmakla me\u015fhur olan Yahudiler, bir nebze de olsa Peygamber Efendimiz ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 h\u00fcrmetk\u00e2r ve yumu\u015fak davranmaya mecbur kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. A\u00e7\u0131ktan a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa hakaret ve tahrikte bulunmaktan sak\u0131nmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Ama \u00e2deta kanlar\u0131na kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bozgunculuk mesleklerinden gizli ve a\u015fik\u00e2r hi\u00e7bir zaman da vazge\u00e7mi\u015f say\u0131lmazlard\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n “MUK\u00c2BELE bi’l-M\u0130SL” Hakaretlere ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yan\u0131t vermek hem \u0130slam hukukunda hem Bat\u0131 hukukunda yer almaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n S\u00f6zl\u00fckte <\/span><\/strong>“ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, benzeriyle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermek”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>manas\u0131na gelen <\/span><\/strong>“muk\u00e2bele bi’l-misl”,<\/span><\/strong> klasik \u0130slam hukuk literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde kavram olarak s\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, sadece devletler aras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde de\u011fil, \u00f6zel hukukta ve kamu hukukunun di\u011fer dallar\u0131nda da geni\u015f bir kapsam ve kullan\u0131ma sahip bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Me\u015fr\u00fb m\u00fcdafaa ile muk\u00e2bele bi’l-misl; bir devletin bir devlete, bir ki\u015finin ba\u015fka bir ki\u015fiye sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir davran\u0131\u015f olma noktas\u0131nda birle\u015firse de, me\u015fr\u00fb m\u00fcdafaan\u0131n amac\u0131 silahl\u0131 ve gayri me\u015fr\u00fb bir tecav\u00fcze kar\u015f\u0131 koymak, tecav\u00fcz\u00fc \u00f6nlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r. Bu haliyle me\u015fr\u00fb m\u00fcdafaa bir savunma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131rken, muk\u00e2bele bi’l-mislin amac\u0131 ise sald\u0131rgan devleti veya ki\u015fiyi bu sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekten al\u0131koymak ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z b\u0131rakmamak olup bu \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir anlam\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n “Muk\u00e2bele bi’l-misl” bir hakk\u0131n ihl\u00e2li sebebiyle ba\u015fvurulan hakl\u0131 bir tepki olup, yap\u0131lan haks\u0131zl\u0131k ve hakaretin hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Hatta devletler hukuku ilminde misilleme, anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmenin ve hukuk kural\u0131n\u0131 ihl\u00e2l etmeden zarar\u0131 gidermenin bir yolu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Antla\u015fmas\u0131’na ayk\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k (reciprocity), devletler hukuku \u00f6rf\u00fcn\u00fcn de bir kural\u0131 olup bir devletin ba\u015fka bir devlet taraf\u0131ndan kendi vatanda\u015flar\u0131na, diplomatik temsilcilerine veya t\u00fcccarlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fvurulan uygulaman\u0131n ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Bu \u00f6rf devletlerin e\u015fitli\u011fine ve devletleraras\u0131 m\u00fccamelenin gereklerine dayan\u0131r ve devletleraras\u0131 ili\u015fkileri ihl\u00e2le herhangi bir sorumlulu\u011fun terett\u00fcb etmedi\u011fi alanlarda uygulan\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Kur’an-\u0131 Kerim haks\u0131zl\u0131k ve tecav\u00fczlere “denk bir ceza ile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verilmesi” \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemle durmaktad\u0131r. Hudeybiye Antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n Mekke’ye umre i\u00e7in gitmelerinin engellenmesi \u00fczerine n\u00e2zil olan, “<\/em><\/span><\/strong>H\u00fcrmetli ay, h\u00fcrmetli aya kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. <\/span><\/em><\/strong>(Haklara ve anla\u015fmalara riayetler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r.) Haramlara (i\u015flenen cinayet ve su\u00e7lara) kar\u015f\u0131 da (misliyle-dengiyle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k) k\u0131sas vard\u0131r (h\u00fcrmetler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r). Kim size sald\u0131r\u0131rsa, siz de ona size yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n misliyle-dengiyle sald\u0131r\u0131n. (Ama daha ileri gitmeyin ve zulme meyletmeyin.) Allah’tan korkun. Biliniz ki Allah m\u00fcttakilerle beraberdir.” <\/span><\/em><\/strong>(Bakara: 194) “E\u011fer ceza verecekseniz size yap\u0131lan eziyetin misliyle ceza verin. E\u011fer sabrederseniz elbette bu sabredenler i\u00e7in daha hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r” <\/em>(Nahl: 126), me\u00e2lindeki ayetlerle, “<\/span><\/strong>(Ancak) K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yine onun misli gibi (onun kadar) bir k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckt\u00fcr. (Fazlas\u0131 zul\u00fcmd\u00fcr.) Kim (intikam imk\u00e2n\u0131 ve f\u0131rsat\u0131 eline ge\u00e7ince) affedip ba\u011f\u0131\u015flarsa ve \u0131slah edip bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flarsa onun m\u00fck\u00e2faat\u0131 da Allah’a aittir. Do\u011frusu O (Allah) zalimleri asla sevmeyendir.<\/span><\/em><\/strong>” (\u015e\u00fbr\u00e2: 40) ve “\u0130\u015fte<\/em> bu b\u00f6yledir: Her kim kendisine yap\u0131lan haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n benzeriyle (misliyle) kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verirse (bu adalet gere\u011fi onun hakk\u0131d\u0131r, ama) sonra (yine kendisinin) aleyhine azg\u0131nl\u0131k ve sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunulursa, Allah mutlaka onun yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. \u015e\u00fcphesiz Allah Affedicidir, Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em>” (Hac: 60) mealindeki ayetler muk\u00e2bele bi’l-misl kavram\u0131n\u0131n Kur’an’daki dayanaklar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ayetlerde sald\u0131r\u0131ya verilen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131, u\u011fran\u0131lan bir eziyete verilen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n eziyet ve yap\u0131lan k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe verilen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck diye an\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n Arap dilindeki <\/span><\/strong>“muk\u00e2belet\u00fc’l-kel\u00e2m bi-mislih<\/span><\/em><\/strong>” kural\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde mecazi birer anlat\u0131m oldu\u011fu ve asl\u0131nda bu ifadelerin an\u0131lan t\u00fcrden kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n me\u015fruiyetini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Cess\u00e2s, I, 31; Serahs\u00ee, el-Mebs\u00fbt, XI, 50; \u0130bn\u00fc’l-Cevz\u00ee, I, 200; Kurtub\u00ee, II, 354). \u00d6te yandan bu ayetlerde, dine ve devlete yap\u0131lan bir k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe ve u\u011fran\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verilmesi me\u015fru kabul edilmekle birlikte, \u015fahs\u0131m\u0131za y\u00f6nelik tecav\u00fczlerde ba\u011f\u0131\u015flaman\u0131n daha uygun olaca\u011f\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu ayetler, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f bir tecav\u00fcz ve haks\u0131zl\u0131k durumundan s\u00f6z etmekle birlikte, di\u011fer taraf\u0131n h\u0131yanet edip antla\u015fmay\u0131 bozaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kuvvetli emarelerin bulunmas\u0131 halinde anla\u015fman\u0131n bozularak bunun kendilerine bildirilece\u011fini h\u00fckme ba\u011flayan “Amma bir kavmin ihanet edece\u011finden (ve huzur ve h\u00fcrriyet i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u00fclkenize h\u00fccuma ge\u00e7ece\u011finden) kesin olarak korkarsan, Sen de a\u00e7\u0131k ve adil bir tutumla (onlarla olan anla\u015fma metnini ve diplomatik ili\u015fkiyi) bozup atabilirsin. Ger\u00e7ekten Allah, ihanet edenleri sevmez.”<\/em> (Enf\u00e2l: 58) ayeti, tecav\u00fczden \u00f6nce muk\u00e2bele bi’l-misl tedbiri alman\u0131n me\u015fruiyetine bir dayanak say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/strong>Burada \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc \u015fudur: Bir kimse kendi \u015fahsi hukukuna ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 dilerse ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayabilir, ancak kutsal\u0131na, davas\u0131na, davas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131 manevisi olan Zat’a y\u00f6nelik hakaret ve haks\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda susmas\u0131 dilsiz \u015feytanl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Hz. Peygamber’in tatbikat\u0131nda\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>“muk\u00e2bele bi’l-misl” <\/span><\/strong>\u00f6rneklerine s\u0131k\u00e7a rastlan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin: Ben\u00ee Kurayza Yahudileri Hendek Gazvesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Kurey\u015f ve m\u00fcttefikleriyle i\u015f birli\u011fi yaparak Resul-i Ekrem’le olan antla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 bozduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in sava\u015ftan hemen sonra bertaraf edilip etkisiz b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131 (V\u00e2k\u0131d\u00ee, II, 496-518; \u0130bn Hi\u015f\u00e2m, II, 220-221, 233-241). Ayn\u0131 sava\u015fta m\u00fcttefik ordusuna destek veren Ben\u00ee Esed kabilesine kar\u015f\u0131 Ukk\u00e2\u015fe b. Mihs\u00e2n kumandas\u0131nda Gamre’ye g\u00f6nderilen seriyyenin amac\u0131 da misilleme kas\u0131tl\u0131yd\u0131 (V\u00e2k\u0131d\u00ee, II, 550). Hz. Peygamber’in mektubunu Bizans h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcren Dihye b. Hal\u00eefe el-Kelb\u00ee d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fte Ben\u00ee C\u00fcz\u00e2m kabilesinin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011frayarak soyulunca, Resul\u00fcllah bu kabile \u00fczerine Zeyd b. H\u00e2rise kumandas\u0131nda bir birlik sevk edip su\u00e7lular\u0131 cezaland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (\u0130bn Hi\u015f\u00e2m, II, 612-613).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Hz. Peygamberimizin, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n ve m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenince beklemeden muk\u00e2bele bi’l-misl yoluna girdi\u011fi de vard\u0131r. Uhud Sava\u015f\u0131’nda m\u00fc\u015friklerin galip gelmesi baz\u0131 kabileleri M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 cesaretlendirmi\u015fti. Ben\u00ee Esed kabilesinin Medine’ye bask\u0131n yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haber alan Resul\u00fcllah, Eb\u00fb Seleme el-Mahz\u00fbm\u00ee kumandas\u0131nda 150 ki\u015filik bir seriyye g\u00f6ndermi\u015f, seriyye Ben\u00ee Esed’in \u00e7obanlar\u0131n\u0131 esir alarak s\u00fcr\u00fclerini ele ge\u00e7irince kabile mensuplar\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6ze alamay\u0131p ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015flard\u0131 (V\u00e2k\u0131d\u00ee, I, 340-346). Kurey\u015f’i destekleyen Ben\u00ee Lihy\u00e2n kabilesi reisi H\u00e2lid b. S\u00fcfy\u00e2n’\u0131n Uhud Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan Hz. Peygamber’e kar\u015f\u0131 kom\u015fu kabilelerden asker toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenilince Resul\u00fcllah, Abdullah b. \u00dcneys el-C\u00fchen\u00ee’yi kabile reisi H\u00e2lid b. S\u00fcfy\u00e2n’\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmekle g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015f, o da g\u00f6revini ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (\u0130bn Hi\u015f\u00e2m, II, 619-620). Bu olaydan yakla\u015f\u0131k bir ay sonra Adal ve K\u00e2re kabilelerine g\u00f6nderilen alt\u0131 veya on ki\u015filik \u00f6\u011fretici heyeti Rec\u00ee’ suyu civar\u0131nda Ben\u00ee Lihy\u00e2n kabilesinin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015fehit edilmi\u015f, Mekke’ye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclerek Kurey\u015f’e teslim edilenler de onlar taraf\u0131ndan katlonulmu\u015flard\u0131. Bu olay\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Resul\u00fcllah misilleme i\u00e7in uygun bir f\u0131rsat kollam\u0131\u015f ve H. 5 (M. 626) y\u0131l\u0131nda 200 ki\u015filik bir birlikle Ben\u00ee Lihy\u00e2n’\u0131n \u00fczerine varm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bunu haber alan kabile da\u011flara \u00e7ekildi\u011finden Hz. Peygamber onlar\u0131n topraklar\u0131nda iki g\u00fcn kald\u0131ktan sonra Medine’ye avdet buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r (a.g.e., II, 169-172, 279-280). Kurey\u015f kabilesinin m\u00fcttefiki olan Ben\u00ee Mustalik’in Medine’ye sald\u0131r\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haber al\u0131n\u0131nca, Resul-i Ekrem onlar\u0131n \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve M\u00fcreys\u00ee’ mevkiinde yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 hezimete u\u011fratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (V\u00e2k\u0131d\u00ee, I, 404-413; \u0130bn Hi\u015f\u00e2m, II, 289-297). <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman hukuk\u00e7ular, gerek i\u00e7 hukuk gerekse milletleraras\u0131 hukuku ilgilendiren konularda mukabele kavram\u0131 \u00fczerinde durup, mahiyet ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir\u00e7ok tedbir ve d\u00fczenlemenin insan\u0131n tabiat\u0131nda mevcut kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verme duygusuna dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7eken Cess\u00e2s, bor\u00e7lar\u0131n yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye eden ayetin (Bakara: 282) uyar\u0131s\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu t\u00fcr ili\u015fkilerde bir belge d\u00fczenlenmemesi, \u015fahit tutulmay\u0131p rehin al\u0131nmamas\u0131 halinde, hak ink\u00e2r edilince insanlar\u0131n di\u011fer tarafa ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde veya daha fazlas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verip onu daha \u00e7ok zarara u\u011fratabilece\u011fini, sonu\u00e7ta her iki taraf\u0131n bundan maddi ve manevi zarar g\u00f6rece\u011fini aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Ahk\u00e2m\u00fc’l-Kur’\u00e2n, I, 535).[5]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n
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