{"id":6192,"date":"2021-03-25T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-25T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/2021\/03\/25\/islamda-insan-haklari-ve-isyan-ahlaki-4\/"},"modified":"2021-03-25T22:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-03-25T22:00:00","slug":"islamda-insan-haklari-ve-isyan-ahlaki-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/2021\/nisan-2021\/islamda-insan-haklari-ve-isyan-ahlaki\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130SLAM\u2019DA \u0130NSAN HAKLARI VE \u0130SYAN AHLAKI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0130SLAM’DA \u0130NSAN HAKLARI VE \u0130SYAN AHL\u00c2KI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130slam’da Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’na ve di\u011fer emir ve yetki sahibi makam\u0131nda bulunanlara itaatin \u015fartlar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi, gerekti\u011finde itiraz ve hatta isyan\u0131n da elbette adab\u0131 ve ahl\u00e2k\u0131 vard\u0131. <\/span><\/strong>“Ey iman edenler! Allah’a itaat edin (Kur’an’a uyun), Peygambere (s\u00fcnnetine t\u00e2bi olun), ve sizden olan ‘Ulu’l-Emr’e’ (yani, inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z gibi Hakk ve hay\u0131r \u00fczere sizi y\u00f6netenlere, adil devlete ve h\u00fck\u00fcmete, ger\u00e7ek ilim ve i\u00e7tihat ehline) de itaat edin. E\u011fer herhangi bir hususta anla\u015famay\u0131p \u00e7eki\u015firseniz, onu hemen Allah’a (Kur’an’a) ve Resul\u00fcne (S\u00fcnnete) arz edip (bunlara g\u00f6re h\u00fck\u00fcm verin). \u015eayet Allah’a ve ahirete inan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, bu sizin i\u00e7in daha hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r ve d\u00f6n\u00fcp eri\u015filecek netice olarak daha g\u00fczeldir.”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>(Nisa: 59)<\/span> Bu ayette ge\u00e7en <\/span><\/strong>“Sizden olmak” <\/span><\/em><\/strong>kayd\u0131;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

a- <\/span><\/strong>\u0130slam’a inanmak,<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

b- \u0130slam’\u0131 ya\u015famak,<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

c- Adalet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini uygulamak,<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

d- Temel insan haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131l\u0131 olmak \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ko\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Evet; akl\u0131n, vicdan\u0131n ve Kur’an’\u0131n ortakla\u015fa hay\u0131rl\u0131 ve yararl\u0131 buldu\u011fu “DO\u011eRU”lara ve bunlar\u0131 uygulayanlara itaat; ama yine akl\u0131n, vicdan\u0131n ve Kur’an’\u0131n ortakla\u015fa k\u00f6t\u00fc ve zararl\u0131 bulduklar\u0131 “YANLI\u015e”lara ve bunlar\u0131 dayatanlara itiraz ve isyan, hem \u0130slam’\u0131n hem de insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n icab\u0131d\u0131r. Bu konuda; <\/span><\/strong>Devlet kavram\u0131n\u0131 <\/span><\/strong>kutsalla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve <\/span><\/strong>Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131 <\/span><\/strong>tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak haramd\u0131r ve bu yakla\u015f\u0131m \u00e7e\u015fitli bask\u0131 ve barbarl\u0131\u011fa k\u0131l\u0131f olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Oysa \u0130slam; <\/span><\/strong>“Kurallar\u0131 Krallar koyar, herkes de mecburen uyar”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>kanaatini y\u0131k\u0131p; “Kurallar\u0131 Hak koyar, Krallar da kurallara uyar” esas\u0131n\u0131 kurumla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hay\u0131rl\u0131 ve Yararl\u0131 \u0130tiraz\u0131n Anlam\u0131 ve Amac\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

“\u0130syan”<\/span><\/strong>\u0131n s\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131, bir \u015feyi asa (de\u011fnek\/sopa) ile engellemek olmaktad\u0131r. Bu kelime zamanla, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc <\/span><\/strong>kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kma, itaatsizlik yapma, itiraz edip kar\u015f\u0131 koyma<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>anlamlar\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130syan edene “\u00e2si” denir. Allah’\u0131n emirleri ve ilkeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015feni yapmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak, Allah’\u0131 dinlemeyerek itaatsizlik yapmak, \u0130slami literat\u00fcrde “isyan”d\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Me\u015fr\u00fb (dine ve adalet d\u00fczenine uygun) bir y\u00f6netime itaat etmeyerek kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan, \u0130slam\u00ee kanunlara uymayan kimselerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bir isyand\u0131r. Bu \u00e7e\u015fit isyank\u00e2ra <\/span><\/strong>“ba\u011f\u00ee” <\/span><\/strong>damgas\u0131 bas\u0131l\u0131r ve en a\u011f\u0131r \u015fekilde cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Hz. Musa’n\u0131n de\u011fne\u011finin ad\u0131 da <\/span><\/strong>“as\u00e2” <\/span><\/strong>idi. Yani “isyan” kelimesinin k\u00f6k\u00fc olan kelimeden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hz. Musa’n\u0131n asas\u0131 hem bilinen de\u011fnek idi, hem de o g\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00e2\u011futu Firavun’a kar\u015f\u0131 onun hakl\u0131 isyan\u0131n\u0131 sembolize eden bir aksesuard\u0131. Allah’a ve O’nun peygamberine itaat etmeyip isyanla damgalanan Firavun’a isyan, Hz. Musa’n\u0131n mucizesi olmaktayd\u0131. Hz. Musa’n\u0131n as\u00e2 mucizesi, ayn\u0131 zamanda, zalim ve \u00e2silere kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131yam\u0131, onlara sopa g\u00f6sterip durmay\u0131 ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc haks\u0131zl\u0131k ve ahl\u00e2ks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa isyan\u0131 da anlat\u0131rd\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bilindi\u011fi gibi, Hz. Musa, Firavun’un tanr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve saltanat\u0131na isyan bayra\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Firavun, yoldan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve tanr\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131na kalk\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir zul\u00fcm d\u00fczeni kurmu\u015f ve o d\u00fczen ile insanlara haks\u0131z yere h\u00fckmetmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hz. Musa ise Allah’tan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 emirle ona kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, ona itaate yana\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130\u015fte Hz. Musa’n\u0131n elindeki as\u00e2, zalim y\u00f6netici Firavun’a isyan\u0131n sembol\u00fc olmaktayd\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eeytan, Allah’\u0131n; “Adem’e h\u00fcrmeten secde edin”<\/em> emrine kar\u015f\u0131 gelerek ilk isyan eden olup azg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yani Allah’a kar\u015f\u0131 gelmi\u015f, itaatten ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O y\u00fczden olumsuz anlamda isyan\u0131n piri-simgesi \u015feytand\u0131r. Hz. Musa’n\u0131n isyan\u0131 ise m\u00fcspet ve g\u00fczel bir isyand\u0131. Demek ki isyan kavram\u0131 hem olumlu manada, hem de olumsuz manada kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130syan kavram\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnde hem yapma ve hem de y\u0131kma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130nk\u00e2rc\u0131lar ve g\u00fcnahk\u00e2rlar y\u0131kmak i\u00e7in, Allah’a ve O’nun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman adil y\u00f6neticilere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karlar ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 olurlard\u0131. Peygamberler ve onlar\u0131n izinden giden m\u00fc’minler ise, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklere ve Allah’a itaatsizlik eden zalimlere ve onlar\u0131n zul\u00fcm d\u00fczenlerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karlar ve m\u00fcfsitlerin y\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131, onlar\u0131n isyanlar\u0131 \u0131slah ama\u00e7l\u0131yd\u0131 ve yap\u0131c\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlar\u0131n yapmaya devam ettikleri yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k ve haks\u0131zl\u0131klara, zalim y\u00f6netimlerin uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 despotluklara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmamak, itiraza kalk\u0131\u015fmamak korkakl\u0131kt\u0131r; zillet ve acziyet ahl\u00e2k\u0131d\u0131r. Ortada olan k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri ve yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131 kabul edip ses \u00e7\u0131karmamak, ilerlemeyi, olgunla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 durduracakt\u0131r. Peygamberlerin en temel \u00f6zelliklerinden birini ve birincisini: Tevhid mesaj\u0131n\u0131 tebli\u011f ve onu h\u00e2kim k\u0131lma m\u00fccadelesi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Kelime-i Tevhid, “LA” ile yani isyanla ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Tevhid t\u00fcm sahte ilahlara ve t\u00e2\u011futa isyan bayra\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Yani, Allah’a isyan h\u00fckm\u00fcne itaat, haramd\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn peygamberler bu anlamda kutsal isyan ate\u015fini tutu\u015fturan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck imamlar\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hz. Musa ve asas\u0131ndan ve Firavun’a isyandan s\u00f6z a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fken, kocas\u0131 Firavun’a de\u011fil de Allah’a itaat eden \u00c2siye Han\u0131m’\u0131 da hat\u0131rlamak laz\u0131md\u0131r. \u00c2siye, “isyan eden kad\u0131n”<\/em> anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. O, Allah’a iman ve itaate yana\u015fmayan ve tanr\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kalk\u0131\u015fan birisine, bu kocas\u0131 da olsa, Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 da olsa itaat etmeyip isyana kalk\u0131\u015fan kahramand\u0131r. “<\/em><\/span><\/strong>(Ve yine) Allah, (k\u00fcf\u00fcr ve zul\u00fcm ortam\u0131nda bile) iman edenlere ise Firavun’un kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rnek g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Hani o (han\u0131m): ‘Rabbim bana Kendi kat\u0131nda, cennette bir ev yap; beni Firavun’dan ve onun (k\u00fcf\u00fcr ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck) amelinden-davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan koru ve beni o zalimler toplulu\u011fundan da kurtar’ (diye dua etmi\u015f ve kabul edilmi\u015fti).”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>(Tahrim: 11)<\/span> <\/span>\u00c2siye annemiz, Firavun’a isyan edip Allah’a ve peygamberi Musa’ya iman getirerek itaat etti\u011fi i\u00e7in, bunun bedelini de g\u00f6ze alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ellerinden ve ayaklar\u0131ndan kaz\u0131klara ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, g\u00fcne\u015f alt\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131larak ona i\u015fkence yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hadislerde de \u00c2siye \u00f6vg\u00fcyle an\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Hz. Meryem’le birlikte o da en y\u00fcksek kem\u00e2le ermi\u015f bir kad\u0131n olarak tan\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130sti\u015fare Esas\u0131, Diyalog ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma Ahl\u00e2k\u0131!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Toplumlar\u0131n k\u00f6lelik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden kurtulup, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck bilincine ula\u015fmas\u0131nda, insani \u015fahsiyetine ve imani haysiyetine kavu\u015fmas\u0131nda ve yine demokratik olgunla\u015fmas\u0131nda <\/span><\/strong>“itaat” <\/span><\/strong>ve <\/span><\/strong>“isyan” <\/span><\/strong>kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli yeri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Burada yanl\u0131\u015f bulunan itaatten kast\u0131m\u0131z, t\u00e2bi oldu\u011fumuz egemen g\u00fc\u00e7ten gelen emir, yasak ve talimatlara\u00a0sorgulama ve de\u011ferlendirme ihtiyac\u0131 duymadan kay\u0131ts\u0131z ve \u015farts\u0131z bir \u015fekilde uymakt\u0131r. Yanl\u0131\u015f ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 olan isyan ise; yine i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z devletin ve yan\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z liderin emir ve talimatlar\u0131n\u0131 sorgulama gere\u011fi hissetmeden reddedip kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmakt\u0131r. \u00dcz\u00fclerek g\u00f6rmekteyiz ki; toplumumuz hatta kurumlar\u0131m\u0131z hep bu iki kavrama mahk\u00fbm olmu\u015f insanlar\u0131n bo\u011fu\u015fmas\u0131 ve ba\u011fnazla\u015fmas\u0131 ile peri\u015fan olmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0\u0130nsanlar\u00a0do\u011frunun, iyinin ve g\u00fczelin ne oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktan ziyade, t\u00fcm enerjisini yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn egemen olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in harcamaktad\u0131r. Bunun sonucu “\u00c7at\u0131\u015fma K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc” ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Allah insanlar\u0131 yarat\u0131rken ak\u0131l ve irade ile donatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitap ve peygamber g\u00f6nderip Hakk\u0131 ve g\u00fczel ahl\u00e2k\u0131 tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Akl\u0131 ile do\u011fruyu ve yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131 ay\u0131rmas\u0131, iradesi ile de insanlar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrce davranmas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n di\u011fer canl\u0131lardan (hayvanlardan) ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi de budur. Allah Kutsal Kitab\u0131nda do\u011fruyu ve yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve bunlara uyup uymamada insanlar\u0131 ak\u0131l ve iradesi ile ba\u015f ba\u015fa b\u0131rakarak \u00f6zg\u00fcrce karar alma ve uygulama f\u0131rsat\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gel g\u00f6r ki Y\u00fcce Yarat\u0131c\u0131 insanlara bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131\u015flarken, maalesef insan ne kendine ne de bir di\u011ferine\u00a0bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tan\u0131maya yana\u015fmamaktad\u0131r. Maalesef\u00a0ak\u0131l ve irade ile hareket etme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tan\u0131mayan bask\u0131c\u0131 ve ceberut bir anlay\u0131\u015fla, sorgulamadan, yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frusunu ara\u015ft\u0131rmadan her konuda taraftar mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u015farts\u0131z itaat ve isyan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc benimsemi\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kur’an terazisinde, ak\u0131l ve vicdan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleriyle kendi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini a\u00e7\u0131klayan, kendi iradesini ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve bu do\u011frultuda davranan ki\u015filer maalesef yad\u0131rganmakta hatta d\u0131\u015flanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130taat ya da isyan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden birini benimsemeyen\u00a0insanlar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u00f6teki konumuna at\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Oysa itaat ve isyan d\u00fcrt\u00fclerini \u0131slah edip, bunlar\u0131 isti\u015fare k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmemiz laz\u0131md\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hangi sonu\u00e7larla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facaklar\u0131 korkusu ya\u015famadan, fikirlerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ifade ederek ger\u00e7ek do\u011fruya ve ortak akla ula\u015fmam\u0131z sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0\u0130nsanlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda kal\u0131n \u00e7izgiler \u00e7izerek, y\u0131k\u0131lmayacak duvarlar \u00f6rerek bir di\u011ferini \u00f6tekile\u015ftirerek do\u011fru bir sonuca var\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r.[1] \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc iz’ans\u0131z ve itirazs\u0131z <\/span><\/strong>itaat<\/span><\/strong>, k\u00f6r\u00fc k\u00f6r\u00fcne bir teslimiyet ve acziyette ki\u015filiklerin \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmesine; her t\u00fcrl\u00fc disiplin ve d\u00fczene pe\u015finen <\/span><\/strong>isyan <\/span><\/strong>ise anar\u015fizme yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hz. Peygamberimiz (SAV): <\/span><\/strong>“Cihad\u0131n en faziletlisi, zalim sultan kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Hakk\u0131 ve adaleti s\u00f6ylemektir.<\/span><\/em><\/strong>” buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Vazge\u00e7medi\u011fi takdirde hukuki yola ba\u015fvurulacakt\u0131r. Bu a\u015famada mezalim mahkemeleri bulunacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece zulme devam eden Ba\u015fkan’\u0131n hukuken azledilmesi sa\u011flan\u0131r. Halife mezalim mahkemesinin karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 geldi\u011finde, \u00fcmmetin bundan haberdar edilmesi yine uleman\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u00fcmmet eliyle Halife’nin kuvvet kullanarak azledilmesine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte b\u00fct\u00fcn bu s\u00fcreci \u00fcmmet ile birlikte ba\u015flatacak ve a\u015fama a\u015fama y\u00f6netecek olan ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fcmmetin ba\u011fr\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e2limler olacakt\u0131r. Nitekim zul\u00fcm, \u0130slam d\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin tabiat\u0131nda vard\u0131r. \u0130slam d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir nizamla h\u00fckmeden y\u00f6netici ise her hal\u00fck\u00e2rda isteyerek veya istemeyerek zul\u00fcmk\u00e2rd\u0131r ve g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r bir fas\u0131kt\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki Allah Celle Celaluh\u00fc: “Sak\u0131n zalimlere meyletmeyin, yoksa size de ate\u015f dokunur. Sizin Allah’tan ba\u015fka dostlar\u0131n\u0131z yoktur…” (Hud: 113) <\/em>diye uyarmaktad\u0131r. Zalimin zulm\u00fcne yard\u0131mc\u0131 olunmas\u0131, devam\u0131 ve bekas\u0131 i\u00e7in duada bulunulmas\u0131 da haramd\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bekas\u0131nda zulm\u00fcn\u00fcn daim\u00ee olmas\u0131n\u0131 istemek s\u00f6z konusudur. Hadis-i \u015eerifte: “Zalimin bekas\u0131 i\u00e7in dua eden kimse, Allah’\u0131n m\u00fclk\u00fcnde O’na asi olunmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015f gibidir”<\/em> diye buyrulmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hz. \u00d6mer (RA) hilafete ge\u00e7ti\u011fi zaman: “Ey nas! Ben Hak’tan, adaletten ayr\u0131l\u0131rsam ne yapars\u0131n\u0131z?”<\/em> diye sormu\u015ftu. Ahaliden biri:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

“Ya \u00d6mer! Sen e\u011frilir, Hak’tan inhiraf edersen seni k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131m\u0131zla do\u011frulturuz!”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> cevab\u0131n\u0131 verince Hz. \u00d6mer (RA):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

“Elhamd\u00fclillah! E\u011frilirsem beni k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131 ile do\u011frultacak arkada\u015flar\u0131m varm\u0131\u015f!”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> diyerek \u015f\u00fckretmi\u015f ve sevincini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurmu\u015flard\u0131. Bu hadisenin ba\u015fka bir rivayeti: Hz. \u00d6mer halife iken, “Benim yanl\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrseniz ne yapars\u0131n\u0131z?”<\/em> diye sorunca, Sahabe efendilerimizden bir tanesi k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015f ve: “<\/em>Seni bu k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131m\u0131zla d\u00fczeltiriz ey \u00d6mer!” <\/em>buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Temel hadis kaynaklar\u0131nda hadis kriterleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sahih denebilecek d\u00fczeyde bir bilgi bulunmasa da ikinci derece kaynaklarda bu s\u00f6z\u00fc s\u00f6yleyen ki\u015finin Muhammed bin Mesleme ve Be\u015fir Bin Sa’d oldu\u011fu aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130slam’da Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n yetkileri \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130slam’da Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n yetkileri konusunda olduk\u00e7a yanl\u0131\u015f kanaat ve yakla\u015f\u0131mlar vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 kimseler \u0130slam hukukunda devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z yetkilere sahip bir diktat\u00f6r oldu\u011funu sanmaktad\u0131r. Emevilerden itibaren ba\u015flayan saltanat y\u00f6netiminde Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n mutlak monar\u015fi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00fclkeyi idare etmesi bu gibi spek\u00fclatif yakla\u015f\u0131mlara sebep olmaktad\u0131r. H\u00e2lbuki her konuda oldu\u011fu gibi bu konuda da Asr-\u0131 Saadet d\u00f6nemi referans al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmler ona g\u00f6re konulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hz. Peygamber d\u00f6nemine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fta Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6neticilerin yetkilerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde duruldu\u011fu ve uygulaman\u0131n buna g\u00f6re \u015fekillenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Daha sonra gelen Hulefa-i Ra\u015fidin d\u00f6nemlerinde Hz. Peygamber d\u00f6nemi uygulamalar\u0131 esas al\u0131narak y\u00f6netim sistemi yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n yetkilerinin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131 sadece g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz y\u00f6netimlerine has bir kavram san\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130slam \u00d6ncesi Arabistan’da Y\u00f6netim Tarz\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Malum oldu\u011fu \u00fczere \u0130slam’dan \u00f6nce de Arabistan’da kurulmu\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck devlet\u00e7ikler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bizans himayesindeki Gassaniler, \u0130ran himayesindeki Hire \u00fclkesi ve Mekke \u015eehir Devleti bunlardand\u0131r. Mekke’deki y\u00f6netim, baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan orta zamanlar\u0131n cumhuriyetine benzetilmi\u015f ve Mekke Cumhuriyeti olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mekke’de Dar\u00fc’n-Nedve ve H\u0131lfu’l-Fudul gibi meclisler, Mekke’deki y\u00f6netimin cumhuriyete benzetilmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Muhammed Hamidullah’a g\u00f6re Mekke oligar\u015fik bir y\u00f6netim tarz\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6netim babadan o\u011fula ge\u00e7en on kadar y\u00f6neticinin oligar\u015fisi olmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar bir t\u00fcr bakanlar kurulunu te\u015fkil etmekte ve kararlar\u0131 isti\u015fare ile almaktad\u0131rlar.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130slam’da Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n yetkileri niye s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hz. Peygamberimizin (ve b\u00fct\u00fcn Nebilerin) yetkilerinin s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kur’an’da pek \u00e7ok ayette bildirilmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Onun hayat\u0131 vahiy ile d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte Hz. Peygamber, ashab\u0131 ile \u00e7e\u015fitli meselelerde isti\u015fare etmekten geri durmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her bir sahabe, Hz. Peygambere yapt\u0131klar\u0131yla ilgili sorular y\u00f6neltmi\u015f ve hatta Hz. Peygamber’den farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler de ortaya koymu\u015flard\u0131r. Hz. \u00d6mer gibi bir k\u0131s\u0131m sahabiler kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini istek \u00fczerine ya da talep edilmeden a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bir Peygamber i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar olunca, daha sonra gelecek Devlet Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in daha fazla s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 elbette do\u011fald\u0131r ve do\u011fru oland\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n sebeplerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda, ceberut, monark ve diktat\u00f6r h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar d\u00f6neminde insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok fazla hesaba kat\u0131lmamas\u0131d\u0131r.[2] \u0130slami y\u00f6netim \u015feklinin, bir monar\u015fi ya da diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Dini, hukuki, siyasi, sosyal ve ahl\u00e2ki hi\u00e7bir s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131mayan Firavun, Nemrut ve Karun gibi h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar, kendilerini sonsuz bir g\u00fc\u00e7 ve yetkiye sahip zannetmeleri sebebiyle Kur’an’da k\u00f6t\u00fclenerek anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Hz. S\u00fcleyman, Hz. Davut, Belk\u0131s gibi Kur’an’da \u00f6v\u00fclerek anlat\u0131lan iyi tipteki h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar da s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z yetkiye sahip bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bir Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir iktidar davas\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131, bir t\u00fcr ilahl\u0131k iddias\u0131d\u0131r ki bu da \u0130slam’a g\u00f6re en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnahlardan birisi say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cenab-\u0131 Hak, se\u00e7ip g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi peygamberlerini bile, Kendi Kitab\u0131 ve ahk\u00e2m\u0131yla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc saym\u0131\u015f; Ta\u011fut’a yani \u0130slam d\u0131\u015f\u0131 zalim nizamlara ve insanlar\u0131n heva ve arzular\u0131na uymaktan \u015fiddetle sak\u0131nd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r! Elbette peygamberlere itaat, bizzat Allah’a itaattir. Ama onlar bile ancak \u0130lahi vahye g\u00f6re davranm\u0131\u015f, kendi kafalar\u0131ndan h\u00fck\u00fcm koymam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ayetler bu durumu a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

“Andolsun Biz her \u00fcmmete: ‘Allah’a kulluk yap\u0131n ve TA\u011eUT’tan (B\u00e2t\u0131l nizamlardan ve putla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f insanlardan) ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n!’ diye bir el\u00e7i g\u00f6nderdik. B\u00f6ylelikle onlardan kimine (ger\u00e7ekleri kabullenip Hakka ve hayra y\u00f6nelene) Allah hidayet verdi, onlardan kiminin \u00fczerine (d\u00fcnya rahat\u0131 ve menfaati i\u00e7in ta\u011futa tap\u0131nan ve \u015feytani odaklara kap\u0131lan kesime) ise dal\u00e2let (sapk\u0131nl\u0131k-do\u011fru yoldan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fl\u0131k) hak oldu. Nitekim yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bir dola\u015f\u0131n da, bak\u0131n hele (peygamberleri ve davetlerini) yalanlayanlar\u0131n ak\u0131betinin nas\u0131l oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcp anlay\u0131n (ve ibret al\u0131p toparlan\u0131n).”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>(Nahl: 36)<\/span><\/p>\n

“Vakti (gelince) Allah: ‘Ey Meryem o\u011flu \u0130sa, insanlara, Allah’\u0131 b\u0131rakarak beni ve annemi iki ilah edinin, diye sen mi s\u00f6yledin?’ dedi\u011finde (ise O \u015f\u00f6yle yan\u0131t verecektir:) ‘Seni tenzih ederim, hakk\u0131m (ve haddim) olmayan bir s\u00f6z\u00fc s\u00f6ylemek bana yak\u0131\u015fmaz. E\u011fer bunu s\u00f6yledimse zaten Sen onu mutlaka bilirdin. Sen bende (nefsimde ve i\u00e7imde) olan\u0131 bilirsin, ama ben Sende olan\u0131 bilmem. Ger\u00e7ekten, g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyenleri (gaybleri) bilen Sensin Sen (Ey Rabbim).’” <\/span><\/em><\/strong>(Maide: 116)<\/span><\/p>\n

“(Ya Rabbi!) Ben onlara bana emrettiklerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi s\u00f6ylemedim. (O da \u015fuydu:) ‘Benim de Rabbim, sizin de Rabbiniz olan Allah’a kulluk edin’ (dedim). Onlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m s\u00fcrece, ben onlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir \u015fahit idim. Benim (d\u00fcnya) hayat\u0131ma son verdi\u011finde (kat\u0131na y\u00fckseltti\u011finde ise), \u00fczerlerindeki ragib-devaml\u0131 g\u00f6zetleyici Sendin. Sen her \u015feyin \u00fczerine \u015fahit (her an haz\u0131r ve n\u00e2z\u0131r) olans\u0131n.<\/span><\/em><\/strong>”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>(Maide: 117)<\/span><\/p>\n

“(Ey Nebim!) Sana Kitap’tan vahyedileni (ayetleri dikkatle ve s\u00fcrekli ciddiyetle) oku (ve uygula, b\u00e2t\u0131la ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131na uyma!)”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>(Ankebut: 45)<\/span><\/p>\n

“<\/span><\/em><\/strong>Sana Rabbinden ne vahyedilirse ona uy (Allah’\u0131n ayetlerini e\u011fip b\u00fckerek \u015feytani heves ve hesaplar g\u00fcdenleri b\u0131rak). \u015e\u00fcphesiz Allah, b\u00fct\u00fcn yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131zdan Haberdard\u0131r.”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>(Ahzab: 2)<\/span><\/p>\n

Peygamberler bile b\u00f6yle olunca, Devlet Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n elbette ve her halde, genel hukuk kurallar\u0131yla ve temel insan haklar\u0131yla kay\u0131tl\u0131, yetkilerinin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve kararlar\u0131n\u0131n bu kurallarla ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Haz\u0131rlanan ve referanduma sunulan anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na verilen yetkiler ise bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve sorumluluklar\u0131 fazlas\u0131yla a\u015fmaktad\u0131r, bu da ku\u015fkular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve kayg\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dinimizde ve Milli gelene\u011fimizde: Rabbimizin emirlerine ve h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine, imtihan i\u00e7in takdir etti\u011fi musibetlere itiraz etmek, nefsi h\u0131rslar ve siyasi hesaplarla me\u015fru ve adil bir y\u00f6netime isyana yeltenmek, nas\u0131l d\u00fcnyevi ve uhrevi cezas\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnahlar olup \u015fiddetle yasaklanm\u0131\u015f bir fesatl\u0131k ise; bunun gibi zalim ve hain (d\u00fc\u015fmanla i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i) iktidarlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmak, bunlar\u0131n d\u00fczeltilip de\u011fi\u015ftirilmelerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak da o denli \u00f6v\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir sevapt\u0131r. Hatta bir hadis-i \u015ferifte, nemelaz\u0131mc\u0131 davran\u0131p, b\u00f6ylesi <\/span><\/strong>“haks\u0131zl\u0131klar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda susanlar, dilsiz \u015feytan”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu konuda Hz. Peygamberimizi (SAV) muhatap alan \u015fu ayetler dikkatle okunmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

“(Ey Resul\u00fcm!) Onlar (m\u00fc\u015frikler) neredeyse, Sana vahyetti\u011fimizden ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 Bize kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcz\u00fcp uydurman (ve Kur’an’\u0131 onlar\u0131n keyfine g\u00f6re yorumlaman) i\u00e7in Seni fitneye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcreceklerdi. (Sen onlar\u0131n iste\u011fine uyarsan) O zaman Seni de dost edineceklerdi.”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>(\u0130sra: 73)<\/span><\/p>\n

“<\/span><\/em><\/strong>(Ey Nebim!) <\/span><\/em><\/strong>E\u011fer Biz Seni sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmasayd\u0131k <\/span><\/em><\/strong>(Hakk’ta sabit tutarak sahip \u00e7\u0131kmasayd\u0131k), <\/span><\/em><\/strong>andolsun, <\/span><\/em><\/strong>(\u00e7e\u015fitli hileler ve cazip tekliflerle gelen m\u00fc\u015frik tak\u0131m\u0131na) <\/span><\/em><\/strong>az bir \u015fey (de olsa) onlara <\/span><\/em><\/strong>meyledip <\/span><\/em><\/strong>e\u011filim g\u00f6sterecektin.”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>(\u0130sra: 74)<\/span><\/p>\n

“<\/span><\/em><\/strong>Bu durumda Biz Sana, <\/span><\/em><\/strong>(d\u00fcnya) <\/span><\/em><\/strong>hayat\u0131nda <\/span><\/em><\/strong>da <\/span><\/em><\/strong>kat kat, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn<\/span><\/em><\/strong>den (sonra da) <\/span><\/em><\/strong>kat kat (ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131) tatt\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131k; sonra Bize kar\u015f\u0131 bir yard\u0131mc\u0131 da bulamazd\u0131n. <\/span><\/em><\/strong>(Ama Allah’\u0131n hidayet ve himayesiyle onlara meyletmedin.)”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span><\/em>(\u0130sra: 75)<\/span><\/p>\n

Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n yasama yetkisinin Kur’an taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130slam hukukunun meydana getirilmesinde Devlet Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n fonksiyonu \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Bir Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ancak \u00e2lim ise i\u00e7tihad (hukuki kurallar haz\u0131rlama) faaliyetine kat\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bu da ilk d\u00f6rt halife d\u00f6neminde g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir uygulama olmu\u015f, daha sonraki halifeler idari ve siyasi alanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hukuka m\u00fcdahaleye kalk\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira m\u00fcdahale etmek i\u00e7in gerekli olan i\u00e7tihad bilgisine sahip olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Devlet Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 sadece \u0130slam hukukunun d\u00fczenlememi\u015f oldu\u011fu siyasi ve idari yap\u0131, miri arazi, vergiler, tazir cezalar\u0131 gibi alanlarda yine \u0130slam hukukunun genel yap\u0131s\u0131na ters d\u00fc\u015fmeyecek \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir yasama faaliyetinde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bunu yaparken de yine yetkili hukuk\u00e7ulardan faydalanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Devlet Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 kanunla\u015ft\u0131rma faaliyetleri ger\u00e7ek anlamda bir yasama (te\u015fri’, legislation) de\u011fil, sadece resmi bir tedvin (codification) konumundad\u0131r. Mecelle, Fet\u00e2v\u00e2-i Hindiyye veya el-\u00c2lemg\u00eeriyye bunlardand\u0131r.[3] Bu durumda Devlet Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n yasama yetkilerinin olduk\u00e7a s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Yasama yetkisi esas itibariyle kanun koyucu olan Allah ve Resul\u00fc’ne ait oldu\u011fundan \u0130slam’da Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n yasama yetkisi \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. Peygamberden sonra ise yasama yetkisi, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde m\u00fc\u00e7tehidlere ve Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’na b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fc\u00e7tehid hukuk\u00e7ular, bir mesele hakk\u0131nda i\u00e7tihadda bulunurken ilk \u00f6nce Kur’an ve S\u00fcnnet’te bununla ilgili bir “d\u00fczenleme” olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakacakt\u0131r. Varsa ayr\u0131ca bir i\u00e7tihada gerek kalmayacakt\u0131r. Bir d\u00fczenleme yoksa, yani konuyla ilgili muhkem ayet veya hadis bulunmuyorsa, \u0130slam hukukunun di\u011fer kaynaklar\u0131yla beraber bu iki kayna\u011f\u0131 da kullanarak i\u00e7tihadda bulunulacakt\u0131r. Yasama yetkisindeki bu hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131y\u0131, itaat ile ilgili ayetlerde de g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr: “Ey iman edenler, Allah’a itaat edin, Peygambere itaat edin ve sizden olan Ulu’l-Emr’e itaat edin.”<\/em> <\/span><\/strong>(Nisa: 59) <\/span>buyrulmaktad\u0131r. Bu ayette Ulu’l-Emre yani y\u00f6neticilere itaat Allah’a ve Resul\u00fcne itaatten sonra zikredilmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Demek ki Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n Kur’an’a ve S\u00fcnnet’e ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelerine itaat edilmesi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve yasakt\u0131r.[4] Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n ve ilgili kurumlar\u0131n yasama faaliyetleri Kur’an ve S\u00fcnnet ile s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Yine; <\/span><\/strong>“…(Ey iman edenler!) \u0130yilik ve takvada (hay\u0131rl\u0131 hizmet yapmak ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten sak\u0131nd\u0131rmak konusunda) yard\u0131mla\u015f\u0131n. (Ama sak\u0131n) G\u00fcnah (i\u015fleyip k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yapmak, sapk\u0131nl\u0131k ve sald\u0131rganl\u0131kla) haddi a\u015fmak hususunda yard\u0131mla\u015fmay\u0131n. (G\u00fcnahlar\u0131 ve fuh\u015fiyat\u0131 me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmak, adil devlet d\u00fczenini ve toplum disiplinini yozla\u015ft\u0131rmak konusunda te\u015fkilatlan\u0131p ayaklanmay\u0131n… Zalim ve k\u00e2firlere yanda\u015fl\u0131k yapmay\u0131n, her halde ve her meselede mutlaka) Allah’tan korkup (k\u00fcf\u00fcr, zul\u00fcm ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten) sak\u0131n\u0131n…” <\/span><\/em><\/strong>(Maide: 2)<\/span> ayetinde de genel manada hukuka uygun i\u015flere yard\u0131m etmek, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olanlara destek olmamak anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zel manada ise Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelerine destek olmamak gerekti\u011fi hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kur’an’da, <\/span><\/strong>“Allah’a kar\u015f\u0131 gelmekten sak\u0131n\u0131n” <\/span><\/em><\/strong>ayetiyle Kur’an’a ve S\u00fcnnet’e ayk\u0131r\u0131 kanuni d\u00fczenlemeler yapmak da yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca <\/span><\/strong>“… Sak\u0131n g\u00fcnaha ve k\u00fcfre dadananlara itaat etme” <\/span><\/em><\/strong>(\u0130nsan: 24)<\/span> <\/span><\/em>ayetinden de hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015feyler olan g\u00fcnah ve k\u00fcf\u00fcr ile ilgili kanuni d\u00fczenlemelere uyulmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n yetkisinin hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerle s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n yasama yetkisi \u00e7e\u015fitli hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerle s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olup bu hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler, Kur’an, S\u00fcnnet ve on d\u00f6rt as\u0131rl\u0131k \u0130slami uygulama ile tespit edilmi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri ferd\u00ee, siyas\u00ee, din\u00ee, sosyal hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler \u015feklinde gruplara ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1- Din\u00ee \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

a- Dini \u0130nan\u00e7 ve \u0130badet H\u00fcrriyeti<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Devlet Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 yasama faaliyetlerini yaparken a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki dini hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere uygun hareket etmek zorundad\u0131rlar. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli ayet ve hadislerde yer alan dini inan\u00e7 ve ibadet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yer al\u0131r. Bu hak M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u0130slam \u00fclkesinde bulunan di\u011fer din mensuplar\u0131na da tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. “…Dinde zorlama (ve bask\u0131) yoktur. \u015e\u00fcphesiz, do\u011fruluk (r\u00fc\u015fd) sapk\u0131nl\u0131k ve azg\u0131nl\u0131ktan apa\u00e7\u0131k ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r…” <\/em><\/span><\/strong>(Bakara: 256)<\/span> “(Ey Resul\u00fcm!) E\u011fer Rabbin dileseydi yery\u00fcz\u00fcndekilerin hepsi mutlaka iman ederdi. (Allah imtihan gere\u011fi onlar\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde,) Sen insanlar\u0131 iman etmeleri i\u00e7in zorlayacak m\u0131s\u0131n?” <\/span><\/em><\/strong>(Yunus: 99)<\/span> “Dinden d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in i\u015fkence yapmak, adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrmekten beterdir.” <\/span><\/em><\/strong>(Bakara: 191)<\/span> <\/span><\/em>Dinlerinden d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in m\u00fc’minlere i\u015fkence yapmak Allah kat\u0131nda adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrmekten daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir su\u00e7tur.[5] Bunun gibi ayetlerle zimmilere oldu\u011fu gibi m\u00fcste’menlere de inan\u00e7 ve ibadet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusunda tam bir teminat verilmi\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Hz. Peygamber: “Yahudi ve Hristiyanlar\u0131 dinlerinden \u00e7\u0131kmaya zorlamay\u0131n. (Ancak) Onlardan cizye al\u0131n.”<\/em> buyurmaktad\u0131r.[6] \u0130nan\u00e7 ve ibadet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hakk\u0131ndaki teorik d\u00fczenlemeler, as\u0131rlar boyunca \u0130slam \u00fclkelerinde uygulanabilmi\u015f, di\u011fer din mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n inan\u00e7lar\u0131na ve ibadetlerine m\u00fcdahaleden sak\u0131n\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

b- \u0130yili\u011fi Emretme ve K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten Men Etme G\u00f6revi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu hak \u00e7e\u015fitli ayet ve hadislerde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara bir g\u00f6rev olarak verilmi\u015ftir.[7] Bu g\u00f6rev farz-\u0131 kifaye oldu\u011fundan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan bir grup, iyili\u011fi emir k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nehiy g\u00f6revini yerine getirmek zorundad\u0131r. Aksi halde iyili\u011fi emretme ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten men etme vazifesinin yerine getirilmemesi sebebiyle b\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar sorumlu olacakt\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6rev sadece dine ili\u015fkin meselelerde de\u011fil d\u00fcnya ile ilgili konularda da ge\u00e7erlidir.[8] Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu g\u00f6rev Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’na ve di\u011fer y\u00f6netici kadrolara kar\u015f\u0131 da yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Hatta denilebilir ki, emr-i bi’l-ma’ruf nehy-i ani’l-m\u00fcnkerin en zor ve en gerekli olan\u0131 y\u00f6neticilere kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fcc\u00fc elinde bulunduranlara kar\u015f\u0131 insanlar\u0131n emr-i bi’l-ma’ruf nehy-i ani’l-m\u00fcnker yapmalar\u0131 son derece zordur. Bununla birlikte \u0130slam tarihinde adil h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar, kendilerine do\u011fruyu hat\u0131rlatacak g\u00fcvenilir kimseleri yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulundurmu\u015flar ve onlar\u0131n tavsiyelerine g\u00f6re \u00fclkelerini y\u00f6netmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Adil olmayan h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar ise Ebu Hanife, Ahmed b. Hanbel, \u0130mam Serahsi gibi bir k\u0131s\u0131m cesur \u00e2limler taraf\u0131ndan, her cezay\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak do\u011fru yola \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2- Ferdi Hak ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin Kapsam\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6zel hayat\u0131n gizlili\u011fi ve korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 gibi hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler de Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n yetkilerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131d\u0131r. Ferdi hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler, kamu alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan \u00f6zel sahalard\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zel alanlar dini ve hukuki olarak koruma alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

a- Beden ve Ruhun Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131: <\/span><\/strong>Beden ve ruhun korunmas\u0131 \u0130slami kaynaklarda \u00fczerinde hassasiyetle durulan haklar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. “Kim katil olmayan ve yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde fesat \u00e7\u0131karmayan bir ki\u015fiyi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrse sanki b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f gibi olur. Kim de bir adam\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtar\u0131rsa sanki b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtarm\u0131\u015f olur.” <\/em><\/span><\/strong>(Maide: 32)<\/span> “Hakl\u0131 bir gerek\u00e7e olmaks\u0131z\u0131n Allah’\u0131n muhterem k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 cana k\u0131ymay\u0131n.” gibi ayetlerde ya\u015fama hakk\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde garantiye al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130slam hukukuna g\u00f6re sadece insanlara de\u011fil di\u011fer canl\u0131lara da i\u015fkence yap\u0131lmas\u0131, maddi-manevi \u015fekilde hakarete u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131 yasakt\u0131r. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

b- \u0130nsan Onurunun Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131: <\/span><\/strong>\u0130nsan\u0131n \u015fahsiyetinin ve onurunun korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 da nasslarla belirlenmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Bu haklardan olarak insanlarla alay edip horlamamak, onlar\u0131 karalamamak, lakap takmamak, k\u00f6t\u00fc zanda bulunmamak, gizli hallerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmamak, g\u0131ybet yapmamak, ka\u015f g\u00f6z i\u015fareti yapmamak \u00e7e\u015fitli ayetlerde uyar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yasama faaliyetleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu haklar\u0131n da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 laz\u0131md\u0131r. \u00d6zel hayat\u0131n gizlili\u011fi, su\u00e7 ve cezan\u0131n \u015fahsili\u011fi ilkesi, masumiyet karinesi, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 gibi hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler de yasama yetkisinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015e\u00fbra prensibinin Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisini s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eura, m\u00fc\u015favere ve me\u015fveret kelimeleri ayn\u0131 anlama gelmekte olup <\/span><\/strong>“\u015favere” <\/span><\/strong>fiilinden masdard\u0131rlar. \u015e\u00fbra bir meselede karar verilmeden \u00f6nce ehil olan kimselere dan\u0131\u015fmak anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u015f\u00fbran\u0131n vacip oldu\u011funu savunmaktad\u0131r. \u015e\u00fbra da Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n yetkilerini s\u0131n\u0131rlayan fakt\u00f6rlerden say\u0131l\u0131r. Genel olarak hukuk\u00e7ular \u015f\u00fbrada al\u0131nan karar\u0131n ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu vurgulam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Hz. Peygamber’in Uhud Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi yap\u0131lan isti\u015farede al\u0131nan sava\u015f karar\u0131na uymu\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 buna delil saym\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ancak Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n kuvvetli gerek\u00e7elerle \u015f\u00fbra karar\u0131n\u0131n aksine uygulamada bulunabilece\u011fini savunanlar da vard\u0131r. \u015e\u00fbra esas\u0131 Hz. Peygamber ve ilk d\u00f6rt Halife d\u00f6neminde yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulmu\u015fken, hilafetin saltanata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi sebebiyle kurumsalla\u015famam\u0131\u015f ve kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[9]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

“Ey iman edenler! (Y\u00f6neticilerinize:) ‘Raina-Bizi g\u00fct (\u015fuursuz koyun s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc gibi bizi y\u00f6net)’ demeyin; ‘\u00dcnzurna-Bizi g\u00f6zet (organize ve koordine edip isti\u015fare ile idare et)’ deyin ve (Hakk ve adalet ettik\u00e7e onlar\u0131) dinleyin. (Unutmay\u0131n ki) K\u00e2firler ve nank\u00f6rler i\u00e7in ac\u0131 bir azap vard\u0131r. <\/span><\/em><\/strong>[Not: M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topluma koyun gibi g\u00fcd\u00fclmek ve despot bir idareye boyun e\u011fmek de\u011fil, etkin bir \u015fekilde siyasete girmek, y\u00f6netimi takip ve tenkit etmek, ama \u015fuurlu bir sorumluluk y\u00fcklenip Hakk’ta ve hay\u0131rda itaat etmek d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.]<\/span><\/strong>”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> (Bakara: 104)<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu ayette ge\u00e7en “r\u00e2i” <\/span><\/strong>m\u00fcfa’\u00e2le <\/span><\/strong>bab\u0131ndan <\/span><\/strong>emr-i haz\u0131r-emir kipi<\/span><\/em><\/strong> olmaktad\u0131r. Ra’y, riayet ve mer\u00e2’ k\u00f6k\u00fcnden t\u00fcremi\u015f bir kavramd\u0131r. Bu kelime insanlar ve toplumlarla ilgili kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, toplumun liderli\u011fini \u00fczerine almak, toplumun sorunlar\u0131yla u\u011fra\u015fmak anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. <\/span><\/strong>Mef’\u00fbl\u00fc<\/span><\/strong>-t\u00fcmleci hayvanlar ve hayvan s\u00fcr\u00fcleri oldu\u011fu zaman da, hayvanlara \u00e7obanl\u0131k etmek manas\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Tabi, bu k\u00f6kten, <\/span><\/strong>m\u00fcfa’\u00e2le <\/span><\/strong>bab\u0131nda bir kelime t\u00fcretince de, yukar\u0131daki manalara bir de m\u00fc\u015fareket-ortakl\u0131k manas\u0131 uygun bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu ifade, dini, siyasi ve idari otorite olanlara hitaben s\u00f6ylenebilecek bir uyar\u0131d\u0131r. Hz. Peygamber (SAV) Efendimizin \u015fahs\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn idarecilere: <\/span><\/strong>“Din\u00ee, siyas\u00ee, idar\u00ee otoriteni, bizim de \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 dikkate alarak, menfaatlerimizi g\u00f6zetip kollayarak kullan”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span>manas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca “rain\u00e2” kelimesinin “rainen” \u015feklinde okunmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcnasip g\u00f6renler de vard\u0131r. Bu takdirde kelime “ra\u00fbnet” k\u00f6k\u00fcnden t\u00fcremi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r ve sa\u00e7ma sapan konu\u015fan ahmak manas\u0131na kullan\u0131l\u0131r. “Hz. Peygamber (SAV)’e ve kendimize hakaret i\u00e7erecek iltibasa meydan vermeyin” uyar\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

“\u00dcnzur” <\/span><\/strong>kelimesi de, <\/span><\/strong>“nazran, manzaran, manzaraten, tenz\u00e2ren, nazar\u00e2nen”<\/span><\/em><\/strong> mastarlar\u0131ndan t\u00fcremi\u015f emr-i haz\u0131r-muhataba hitap eden bir emir kipi olmaktad\u0131r. Bu kelimenin burada 8 manas\u0131n\u0131n, sekizi de kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. N\u00e2z\u0131rl\u0131k ve n\u00e2z\u0131r kelimeleri de bu k\u00f6klerin t\u00fcrevi olarak \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kulak vermek, destek ve imk\u00e2n sa\u011flay\u0131p g\u00f6zetmek, gelecek hesab\u0131 yapabilmek, ihtilaflar\u0131 halletmek, meseleleri zamana yayarak \u00e7\u00f6zmek, dan\u0131\u015farak tedbir ile y\u00f6netmek, meclis ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet te\u015fkil etmek, bakanlar ve h\u00e2kimler tayin etmek manalar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r ki, bu kelime burada yal\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu manalar\u0131n hepsine a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Buradaki <\/span><\/strong>“isme\u00fb” <\/span><\/strong>kelimesi de yal\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok manalara uygun durumdad\u0131r. Kur’an’a, S\u00fcnnet’e kulak vermekten tutun da, idarecilerin emir ve kararlar\u0131n\u0131 dinlemeye, yerine getirmeye kadar her \u015feyi i\u00e7ine al\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130bn-i \u00d6mer’den (RA) rivayet edilen bir hadis-i \u015ferifte Hz. Peygamber (SAV) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

“Dikkat ediniz! Hepiniz y\u00f6netici ve g\u00f6revlisiniz ve hepiniz idareniz alt\u0131ndakilerden sorumlusunuz! \u0130nsanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131; sosyal, siyas\u00ee ve idar\u00ee d\u00fczeni sa\u011flamakla g\u00f6revlidir. O da vatanda\u015flar\u0131ndan sorumludur. Erkek; ev halk\u0131 \u00fczerinde y\u00f6netim, koruma, e\u011fitim ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 sa\u011flamakla g\u00f6revlidir. O da, idaresi ve himayesi alt\u0131ndakilerden sorumludur. Kad\u0131n, evinin, kocas\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fundaki ev halk\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde, y\u00f6netim, koruma, e\u011fitim ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamakla g\u00f6revlidir. O da elinin alt\u0131ndakilerden sorumludur. Bir adam\u0131n k\u00f6lesi (i\u015f\u00e7isi – hizmet\u00e7isi) de, efendisinin mal\u0131 \u00fczerinde tedbir ile davranmas\u0131 gereken bir g\u00f6revlidir. O da efendisinin mal\u0131ndan sorumludur. Unutmay\u0131n, hepiniz y\u00f6netici ve g\u00f6revlisiniz, hepiniz idareniz alt\u0131ndakilerden sorumlusunuz.” <\/span><\/em><\/strong>(Bak: Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, “Cuma” 4; M\u00fcslim, “\u0130maret” 20; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, “\u0130maret” 1; Tirmiz\u00ee, “Cihad” 27; M\u00fcsned-i Ahmed)[10]<\/span><\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130slam’\u0131n f\u0131trat\u0131nda itaat kadar, gerekti\u011finde itiraz ve isyan\u0131n da yeri vard\u0131r, bu da imani ve insani bir g\u00f6rev say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. “La ilahe \u0130llallah – Muhammed\u00fcn Resul\u00fcllah”<\/em> k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131yla, \u015firk ve zul\u00fcm sistemine ve onu y\u00fcr\u00fcten hiyerar\u015fiye (ast-\u00fcst ili\u015fkisine) ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, k\u00fcf\u00fcr ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck \u00fczerine kurulan hegemonik yap\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r. Hi\u00e7 kimsenin bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 \u00fczerinde haks\u0131z ve ahl\u00e2ks\u0131z bir tahakk\u00fcm kurmas\u0131na g\u00f6z yumulmayacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong> \u0130slam; “La kuvvete ill\u00e2 billah”la en-N\u00e2s<\/em>’\u0131, yani toplumu \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r “Fekku raqabe”<\/em>yle k\u00f6leli\u011fi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r. “Leh\u00fb m\u00fclk\u00fb’s-semavati ve’l-ard”<\/em>la r\u0131z\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. “\u0130nsan i\u00e7in eme\u011finin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yoktur” diyerek “herkesten yetene\u011fine ve gayretine g\u00f6re”, “\u0130htiya\u00e7tan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 verin” diyerek “herkese ihtiyac\u0131 kadar” prensibini yerle\u015ftirip kurumla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a> H\u00fcseyin Tuzta\u015f<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Muhammed Faruk en-Nebhan, Nizam\u00fc’l-H\u00fckm fi’l-\u0130slam,<\/em> Beyrut h. 1408 m. 1988, s. 63<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> M. Akif Ayd\u0131n, “Anayasa” md, D\u0130A, \u0130stanbul 1991, c. III, s. 153-164; Nebhan, s. 237 vd<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Seyyid Kutup, Fi Z\u0131lali’l-Kur’an, \u00e7ev. Salih U\u00e7an, Vahdettin \u0130nce, Mehmet Yolcu, D\u00fcnya Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul 1991, c. 2, s. 523\u00dc; Celal Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, Kur’an Ahk\u00e2m\u0131, \u0130stanbul 1972, c. 2, s. 189 vd.<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Muhammed Ali Sabuni, Ruhu’l-Beyan Tefsir\u00fc Ayati’l-Ahk\u00e2mi mine’l-Kur’an, <\/em>Dersaadet Kitabevi, \u0130stanbul, c. 1, s. 205; 6 En’am 108; M. Akif Ayd\u0131n, “Din” md. D\u0130A, <\/em>\u0130stanbul 1994, IX, s. 325-328<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Kas\u0131mi, age, s. 54-55<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> “Sizden \u00f6yle bir cemaat bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r ki hayra \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rs\u0131nlar, iyili\u011fi emretsinler, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten vazge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fs\u0131nlar…”<\/em><\/strong> Al-i \u0130mran: 104 “Siz insanlar i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en hay\u0131rl\u0131 bir \u00fcmmetsiniz. \u0130yili\u011fi emreder, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten vazge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.”<\/em><\/strong> Al-i \u0130mran: 110; A’raf: 199; Tevbe: 71; Maide: 78-79; A’raf 175.<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Elmal\u0131l\u0131 M. Hamdi Yaz\u0131r, Hak Dini Kur’an Dili,<\/em> \u0130stanbul b.t.y., c. 2, s. 407; Kutup, Fi Z\u0131l\u00e2l-il Kur’an,<\/em> c. 2, s. 144-145.<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Abdullah Demir, http:\/\/www.e-akademi.org\/incele<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 [10]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ahmettekin.net\/?2-104-de<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u0130SLAM’DA \u0130NSAN HAKLARI VE \u0130SYAN AHL\u00c2KI \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130slam’da Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131’na ve di\u011fer emir ve yetki sahibi makam\u0131nda bulunanlara itaatin \u015fartlar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi, gerekti\u011finde itiraz ve hatta isyan\u0131n da elbette adab\u0131 ve ahl\u00e2k\u0131 vard\u0131. “Ey iman edenler! Allah’a itaat edin (Kur’an’a uyun), Peygambere (s\u00fcnnetine t\u00e2bi olun), ve sizden olan ‘Ulu’l-Emr’e’ (yani, inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z gibi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[248],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nisan-2021"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6192","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6192"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6192\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6192"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6192"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.millicozum.com\/mc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6192"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}